Control of tumbling during the locust jump
Control of tumbling during the locust jump
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.046367
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发表时间：
2010-10-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Edwards, Donald H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cofer, David;Cymbalyuk, Gennady;Edwards, Donald H.
蝗虫可以精确地跳跃到目标，但它们也可以在轨迹中翻滚。我们提出了两种机制，使蝗虫控制在跳跃过程中翻滚。首先，在跳跃之前，蝗虫会调整身体的俯仰，使质心更接近预期的推力矢量。第二个原因是，在跳跃过程中，背长肌的收缩会产生扭矩，抵消推力产生的扭矩。我们发现，蝗虫增加了他们的起飞初始身体间距增加，并观察到这种关系的跳跃发生的翻滚。蝗虫跳跃的模拟表明，在模拟跳跃中最大限度地减少翻滚的俯仰与起飞角度的关系与在活蝗虫中观察到的关系相似。蝗虫强烈倾向于头向上俯仰，背屈的次数远远多于腹屈。翻滚的方向和幅度可以在模拟中通过调节背长肌的张力来控制。这些机制允许模拟与活体动物的数据相匹配。翻滚的控制也被发现会影响跳跃高度的控制。在躲避捕食者时，头朝上的倾向可能具有进化优势，因此控制翻滚对蝗虫很重要。
Locust can jump precisely to a target, yet they can also tumble during the trajectory. We propose two mechanisms that would allow the locust to control tumbling during the jump. The first is that prior to the jump, locusts adjust the pitch of their body to move the center of mass closer to the intended thrust vector. The second is that contraction of the dorsolongitudinal muscles during the jump will produce torques that counter the torque produced by thrust. We found that locusts increased their take-off initial body pitch increased, and that little tumbling occurred for jumps that observed this relationship. Simulations of locust jumping demonstrated that a pitch versus take-off angle relationship that minimized tumbling in simulated jumps was similar to the relationship observed in live locusts. Locusts were strongly biased to pitch head-upward, and performed dorsiflexions far more often than ventral flexions. The direction and magnitude of tumbling could be controlled in simulations by adjusting the tension in the dorsolongitudinal muscles. These mechanisms allowed the simulations to match the data from the live animals. Control of tumbling was also found to influence the control of jump elevation. The bias to pitch head-upwards may have an evolutionary advantage when evading a predator and so make control of tumbling important for the locust.