Peroxide detoxification by brain cells
Peroxide detoxification by brain cells
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DOI：
10.1002/jnr.20280
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Hirrlinger, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dringen, R;Pawlowski, PG;Hirrlinger, J
过氧化物会在消耗氧气的细胞中持续产生。在不同的过氧化氢中，过氧化氢是形成数量最多的分子。此外，有机过氧化氢的合成是细胞代谢的产物。过氧化物质的产生和处置在人脑中是一个非常重要的过程，因为这个器官的细胞消耗了身体所用氧气的20%。为了防止细胞中过氧化物质的积累和由过氧化氢衍生的自由基造成的损害，脑细胞含有有效的抗氧化防御机制，可以处理过氧化物质并防止氧化损伤。培养的脑细胞经常被用来研究神经细胞的过氧化代谢。对于培养的星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和神经元，可以有效地处理外源性过氧化氢。比较特定的过氧化氢清除率显示，培养的少突胶质细胞处理过氧化氢的速度比其他培养的神经细胞快。过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽系统都有助于脑细胞清除过氧化氢。对于有效的谷胱甘肽依赖的过氧化还原，神经细胞含有高浓度的谷胱甘肽，并具有大量的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶和提供谷胱甘肽还原酶反应所需的NADPH的酶的活性。本文综述了脑细胞中过氧化氢解毒的机制，以及不同类型神经细胞处理过氧化氢的能力。(C)2004年Wiley-Liss公司
Peroxides are generated continuously in cells that consume oxygen. Among the different peroxides, hydrogen peroxide is the molecule that is formed in highest quantities. In addition, organic hydroperoxides are synthesized as products of cellular metabolism. Generation and disposal of peroxides is a very important process in the human brain, because cells of this organ consume 20% of the oxygen used by the body. To prevent cellular accumulation of peroxides and damage generated by peroxide-derived radicals, brain cells contain efficient antioxidative defense mechanisms that dispose of peroxides and protect against oxidative damage. Cultured brain cells have been used frequently to investigate peroxide metabolism of neural cells. Efficient disposal of exogenous hydrogen peroxide was found for cultured astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells, and neurons. Comparison of specific peroxide clearance rates revealed that cultured oligodendrocytes dispose of the peroxide quicker than the other neural cell cultures. Both catalase and the glutathione system contribute to the clearance of hydrogen peroxide by brain cells. For efficient glutathione-dependent reduction of peroxides, neural cells contain glutathione in high concentration and have substantial activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and enzymes that supply the NADPH required for the glutathione reductase reaction. This article gives an overview on the mechanisms involved in peroxide detoxification in brain cells and on the capacity of the different types of neural cells to dispose of peroxides. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.