A mire of highly subjective and ineffective voluntary guidelines: tobacco industry efforts to thwart tobacco control in Malaysia
A mire of highly subjective and ineffective voluntary guidelines: tobacco industry efforts to thwart tobacco control in Malaysia
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DOI：
10.1136/tc.2004.008094
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发表时间：
2004-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Chapman, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Assunta, M;Chapman, S
目的：描述烟草业在马来西亚的努力，以挫败政府的努力，以规范烟草促销和健康警告。方法：通过主和解协议和二级网站对原民营烟草业内部文件进行系统关键词检索和机会性网站检索；来自新闻文章和财务报告的相关信息。结果：从20世纪70年代开始，烟草业开始有系统地阻挠政府的烟草控制。二十多年来，准则在立法领域得到了成功的推广。即使政府成功地实施了健康警告和广告禁令等规定，它们也受到了损害，并在今后几年里采取了有效行动，阻碍了进一步的进展。结论：烟草业发起了延迟或阻挠政府管制烟草的措施。虽然并非马来西亚独有，但主要区别在于1970年至1995年期间成功利用战略抵制严格烟草控制措施的程度。
Objective: To describe tobacco industry efforts in Malaysia to thwart government efforts to regulate tobacco promotion and health warnings.Methods: Systematic keyword and opportunistic website searches of formerly private tobacco industry internal documents made available through the Master Settlement Agreement and secondary websites; relevant information from news articles and financial reports.Results: Commencing in the 1970s, the industry began to systematically thwart government tobacco control. Guidelines were successfully promoted in the place of legislation for over two decades. Even when the government succeeded in implementing regulations such as health warnings and advertising bans they were compromised and acted effectively to retard further progress for years to come.Conclusion: Counter-measures to delay or thwart government efforts to regulate tobacco were initiated by the industry. Though not unique to Malaysia, the main difference lies in the degree to which strategies were used to successfully counter stringent tobacco control measures between 1970 and 1995.