The wave state and sea spray related parameterization of wind stress applicable from low to extreme winds
The wave state and sea spray related parameterization of wind stress applicable from low to extreme winds
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DOI：
10.1029/2011jc007786
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发表时间：
2012-11
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Liu;Changlong Guan;Lian Xie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Liu;Changlong Guan;Lian Xie
2011年11月28日收到；2012年5月21日修订；2012年5月23日接受；2012年7月3日出版。[1]最近的野外和实验室观测表明，在大风和中低风速下，阻力系数随风速的变化是不同的。通过考虑波浪发展和海浪喷雾的影响，提出了一种适用于低风到极风的海面空气动力粗糙度参数化方法。阻力系数与海面风速的对应关系与已有的野外和实验室观测资料吻合较好。结果表明，在可以忽略海雾影响的中低风速条件下，无因次气动粗糙度随波龄的增加先增大后减小，而在大风条件下，由于气泡破裂或风裂破碎波峰所产生的海雾液滴的影响，阻力系数随风速增大而减小。对于不同的波浪发展，阻力系数和海面空气动力粗糙度在10m风速在25~33m S�1之间时达到最大值。相应地，大风下阻力系数的减小减小了摩擦速度随风速的增加而增加的速率。
Received 28 November 2011; revised 21 May 2012; accepted 23 May 2012; published 3 July 2012. [1] Recent field and laboratory observations indicate that the variation of drag coefficient with wind speed at high winds is different from that under low-to-moderate winds. By taking the effects of wave development and sea spray into account, a parameterization of sea surface aerodynamic roughness applicable from low to extreme winds is proposed. The corresponding relationship between drag coefficient and sea surface wind speed agrees well with the existing field and laboratory observational data. It is shown that, under low-to-moderate wind conditions so that the sea spray effects could be neglected, the nondimensional aerodynamic roughness first increases and then decreases with the increasing wave age; whereas under high wind conditions, the drag coefficient decreases with the increasing wind speed due to the modification of the logarithmic wind profile by the effect of sea spray droplets produced by bursting bubbles or wind tearing breaking wave crests. The drag coefficients and sea surface aerodynamic roughnesses reach their maximum values when the 10 m wind speeds are between 25 and 33 m s � 1 for different wave developments. Correspondingly, the reduction of drag coefficient under high winds reduces the increasing rate of friction velocity with increasing wind speed.