Genetic models for handedness, brain lateralization, schizophrenia, and manic-depression
Genetic models for handedness, brain lateralization, schizophrenia, and manic-depression
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0920-9964(99)00075-4
复制
发表时间：
1999-10-19
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Klar, AJS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klar, AJS
长期以来，人们一直在争论如何解释人类手部偏好的发展与大脑偏侧化的复杂相关性，以及偶尔两种偏侧化与精神疾病的相关性。在这场争论中，一个主要的悬而未决的问题是，究竟是先天（即基因）还是后天（环境/文化）控制了人类行为这些属性的发展。简单的遗传模型未能令人满意地解释精神疾病的遗传模式以及利手性特征。本文提出了几个假设和可检验的遗传模型来解释这些性状的复杂遗传。在一个模型中，大脑偏侧化被认为是由特定染色体的“沃森”和“克里克”链的非随机分离导致的，导致半球偏侧化，并且被指定为right（右）的基因进一步被认为负责DNA链向特定半球的分布。因此，显性的、家族遗传的精神分裂症和双相情感障碍被认为是由于染色体重排破坏了链分离，而在隐性手性基因型的个体中，散发性病例的发生频率更高。最后，单卵双胞胎的不一致被认为是由于隐性基因型双胞胎大脑侧化的发育差异造成的。精神障碍被认为是由于大脑不对称的发育异常。(C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V.版权所有
There has been a long-standing debate to explain the complex correlation of development of human hand preference with brain lateralization, and occasionally, the correlation of both lateralizations with psychiatric disorders. A major unanswered question in this debate is whether nature (i.e., genetics) or nurture (environment/culture) controls the development of these attributes of human behavior. Simple genetic models have failed to satisfactorily explain the mode of inheritance of psychotic disorders as well as of the handedness trait. This paper advances several hypothetical and testable genetic models to explain the complex inheritance of these traits. In one model, brain lateralization is proposed to result from nonrandom segregation of the 'Watson' and 'Crick' strands of a particular chromosome, causing hemisphere lateralization, and that a gene, designated RGHT(for right), is further proposed to be responsible for the distribution of DNA chains to specific hemispheres. Accordingly, dominant, familially inherited schizophrenia and bipolar disorders are postulated to result from chromosomal rearrangements disrupting strand segregation, while sporadic cases are proposed to occur at increased frequencies in individuals with the recessive handedness genotype. Finally, discordance in monozygotic twins is suggested to occur due to developmental differences in brain lateralization in twins of the recessive genotype. Psychotic disorders are suggested to be due to developmental anomalies of cerebral asymmetry. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.