Dual psychological processes underlying public stigma and the implications for reducing stigma.
Dual psychological processes underlying public stigma and the implications for reducing stigma.
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DOI：
10.4103/0973-1229.36546
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发表时间：
2008-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pryor JB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reeder GD;Pryor JB
患有严重疾病或残疾的人往往背负着社会污名，通过失业、住房不足和对心理健康的威胁，助长了贫困的循环。污名可以从自我污名的角度来概念化（例如，羞耻和自尊心降低）或公共耻辱（例如，公众对受歧视者的偏见）。本文探讨了两个心理过程，公众污名的基础：联想过程和基于规则的过程。联想过程是快速和相对自动的，而基于规则的过程需要更长的时间来表现自己，并涉及深思熟虑。联想思维和基于规则的思维需要不同的评估工具，遵循不同的时间进程，并导致不同的效果（例如，联想污名与导致责备的归因处理）。最重要的是，每一个进程都可能需要不同的防止污名化战略。
People with serious illness or disability are often burdened with social stigma that promotes a cycle of poverty via unemployment, inadequate housing and threats to mental health. Stigma may be conceptualized in terms of self-stigma (e.g., shame and lowered self-esteem) or public stigma (e.g., the general public's prejudice towards the stigmatized). This article examines two psychological processes that underlie public stigma: associative processes and rule-based processes. Associative processes are quick and relatively automatic whereas rule-based processes take longer to manifest themselves and involve deliberate thinking. Associative and rule-based thinking require different assessment instruments, follow a different time course and lead to different effects (e.g., stigma-by-association vs attributional processing that results in blame). Of greatest importance is the fact that each process may require a different stigma-prevention strategy.