Food Insecurity, Federal Nutrition Support, and Parent Feeding Practices During COVID-19: A 1-Year Follow-up Study.
Food Insecurity, Federal Nutrition Support, and Parent Feeding Practices During COVID-19: A 1-Year Follow-up Study.
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DOI：
10.1177/00333549221132532
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发表时间：
2023-03
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Bean, Melanie K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adams, Elizabeth L.;Caccavale, Laura J.;Smith, Danyel I.;Bean, Melanie K.
关键词：
2019冠状病毒病导致粮食不安全状况急剧加剧。为了维持食物供应，国家学校午餐计划（NSLP）和补充营养援助计划（SNAP）的政策发生了变化。这项纵向研究考察了(1)2019冠状病毒病期间的粮食安全模式；(2)粮食安全模式、NSLP/SNAP使用和父母喂养方式之间的关系；(3)家长对NSLP/SNAP政策变化的看法。在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，共有333名美国父母完成了在线调查：2020年5月（T1）、2020年9月（T2）和2021年5月（T3）。在每个时间点报告粮食安全和父母喂养做法；回顾性报告T1时的covid -19前行为。在T3报告了NSLP/SNAP政策变化的使用和看法。我们使用重复测量混合模型检验了粮食安全和父母喂养方式之间的关系。食物保障水平极低的父母比例从covid -19前（9.6%）上升至T1(29.1%)，并在T3（16.8%）时继续升高。三分之一（31.2%）的家庭在粮食安全和粮食不安全之间波动，27.0%的家庭在第三阶段仍处于粮食不安全状态。30%的持续粮食不安全家庭报告没有收到学校提供的膳食，45%的家庭没有收到SNAP福利。大多数家长报告说，接送学校供餐网站（71.4%）、流行病电子福利转移卡（51.4%）和增加SNAP福利（79.6%）是有益的。T1时报告的父母喂养方式的初步变化到T3时恢复到covid -19前的水平，但对儿童超重的担忧仍然显著升高。通过扩大国家粮食援助计划/紧急援助计划的粮食获取渠道，继续为粮食不安全家庭提供支持的政策努力至关重要。
COVID-19 caused stark increases in food insecurity. To maintain food provision, policy changes to the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) were instated. This longitudinal study examined (1) food security patterns across the timeline of COVID-19; (2) the relationship among food security patterns, NSLP/SNAP use, and parent feeding practices; and (3) parent perceptions of NSLP/SNAP policy changes. A total of 333 US parents completed online surveys during the COVID-19 pandemic: May 2020 (T1), September 2020 (T2), and May 2021 (T3). Food security and parent feeding practices were reported at each time point; pre–COVID-19 behaviors were retrospectively reported at T1. Use and perceptions of NSLP/SNAP policy changes were reported at T3. We examined associations between food security and parent feeding practices using repeated-measures mixed models. The percentage of parents with very low food security increased from pre–COVID-19 (9.6%) to T1 (29.1%) and remained elevated at T3 (16.8%). One-third (31.2%) of families fluctuated between food security and food insecurity, with 27.0% remaining food insecure at T3. Thirty percent of consistently food-insecure families reported not receiving school-provided meals, and 45% did not receive SNAP benefits. Most parents reported that pickup school meal sites (71.4%), Pandemic Electronic Benefit Transfer cards (51.4%), and increased SNAP benefits (79.6%) were beneficial. Initial changes in parent feeding practices reported at T1 returned to pre–COVID-19 levels by T3, yet concern for child overweight remained significantly elevated. Continued policy efforts to support food-insecure families via expanded food access in NSLP/SNAP are critical.
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