Knowledge of malaria, risk perception, and compliance with prophylaxis and personal and environmental preventive measures in travelers exiting Zimbabwe from Harare and Victoria Falls International airport
Knowledge of malaria, risk perception, and compliance with prophylaxis and personal and environmental preventive measures in travelers exiting Zimbabwe from Harare and Victoria Falls International airport
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DOI：
10.2310/7060.2001.23975
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发表时间：
2001-11-01
影响因子：
25.7
通讯作者：
Behrens, RH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Laver, SM;Wetzels, J;Behrens, RH
背景：与旅行相关的疟疾是疟疾流行目的地游客的主要健康风险。为了调查疟疾预防知识、风险认知、当前预防行为、对化学预防轴心以及个人和环境保护措施的依从性，我们对在疟疾传播高峰期从两个国际机场出境的津巴布韦旅客进行了一项研究。方法：通过对哈拉雷和维多利亚瀑布国际机场候机室595名成年人的预测自填式问卷收集数据。被排除在外的是来自非洲大陆的儿童和游客。结果：大多数旅行者在出行前获得了健康建议，防护行为模式和预防依从性与对疟疾威胁的高度感知和良好知识不一致，约23%的旅行者在旅行期间没有使用化学预防措施。在使用化学预防的旅行者组中，18%的人不遵守规定。有15种药物组合在使用中。完全遵守药物治疗加上使用个人预防措施的比例一直估计为13%。健忘是不遵守规定的主要原因，其次是由于副作用而故意遗漏。在57名报告了当前药物副作用的旅行者中，超过一半的人使用了甲氟喹。结论：有必要检查人们如何处理个人风险和关于风险的沟通。我们必须认识到对疟疾采取的预防措施与旅行带来的其他生活需求之间的竞争，特别是对年轻的长期旅行者和主要为商务目的访问的人。调解保护性反应还将取决于对行动有效性的判断，加强旅行者坚持的意图，以及提高个人和他们的同龄人的功效感知。需要解决预防建议中的冲突。随着生态旅游在津巴布韦和其他疟疾地区的发展，必须让这个快速增长的行业的利益攸关方意识到他们在保护客户免受疟疾侵袭方面可以发挥的重要作用。
Background:Travel associated malaria is a major health risk for visitors to malaria endemic destinations. To examine the knowledge of malaria prevention, risk perception, current prophylactic behavior, and compliance with chemoprophyl axis and personal and environmental protection measures we conducted a study in a cohort of travelers exiting Zimbabwe from two international airports during a peak malaria transmission period.Methods: Data were collected by pretested self-administered questionnaires from 595 adults in the departure lounges of Harare and Victoria Falls International airports. Excluded were children and travelers from the African continent. A multilingual research assistant supervised data collection.Results:The majority of travelers obtained health advice prior to travel, Patterns of protective behavior and compliance with prophylaxsis were inconsistent with a high perception of malaria threat and good knowledge, About 23% of travelers failed to use ch emo prophylaxis during their visit. In the group of travelers who used chemoprophylaxis, 18% were noncompliant. Fifteen drug combinations were in use. Full compliance with medication plus use of personal preventive measures always was estimated as 13%. Forgetfullness was the main cause of noncompliance, followed by deliberate omission due to side effects. Of 57 travelers who reported side effects from current medication, over half used mefloquine.Conclusions:There is a need to examine how people process personal risk and communications about risk. We must recognize the competition between precautionary measures against malaria and other life demands that are imposed by travel, especially in young long stay travelers and persons visiting primarily for business purposes. Mediating a protective response will also depend on judgments about the effectiveness of the action, strengthening travelers' intentions toward adherence, and increasing efficacy perception by individuals and their peers. Conflicts in prophylactic recommendations need to be resolved. As ecotourism develops in Zimbabwe and other malaria regions, stakeholders in this rapidly growing industry must be made aware of the important role they can play in protecting clients from malaria.