Neck muscle afferents influence oromotor and cardiorespiratory brainstem neural circuits.
Neck muscle afferents influence oromotor and cardiorespiratory brainstem neural circuits.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00429-014-0734-8
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Deuchars J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edwards IJ;Lall VK;Paton JF;Yanagawa Y;Szabo G;Deuchars SA;Deuchars J
上颈部产生的感觉信息在姿势和眼睛位置的反射控制中很重要。它还与心血管和呼吸系统的自主控制有关。颈扭伤相关疾病（WAD）和颈肌张力障碍，涉及到颈部区域的干扰，通常可以表现为运动、呼吸和心血管系统的异常。我们调查了这些症状背后潜在的神经通路。在心脏脑干预备（WHBP）中，通过电刺激颈第二神经模拟颈部传入活动改变了中枢呼吸驱动模式并增加了灌注压。追踪这些感觉传入的中心目标揭示了向髓质中间核（InM）的投射。这些顺行标记的传入神经与小白蛋白和泡状谷氨酸转运蛋白1共定位，表明它们是本体感受性的。从InM的顺行追踪发现了涉及呼吸、心血管、姿势和面部行为的大脑区域的投射——邻近的舌下核、面部和运动三叉神经核、臂旁核、吻侧和尾侧腹外髓质和模棱两可核。在脑切片中，对楔形核外侧传入纤维束的电刺激单突触性地激发了InM神经元。直接刺激WHBP内的InM可模拟第二颈神经刺激的反应。这些结果提供了通过InM将上颈感觉传入与参与自主和运动控制的中枢神经系统区域联系起来的途径的证据。因此，这些神经通路的破坏可以解释伴随颈肌张力障碍和WAD的吞咽困难和心肺异常。
Sensory information arising from the upper neck is important in the reflex control of posture and eye position. It has also been linked to the autonomic control of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Whiplash associated disorders (WAD) and cervical dystonia, which involve disturbance to the neck region, can often present with abnormalities to the oromotor, respiratory and cardiovascular systems. We investigated the potential neural pathways underlying such symptoms. Simulating neck afferent activity by electrical stimulation of the second cervical nerve in a working heart brainstem preparation (WHBP) altered the pattern of central respiratory drive and increased perfusion pressure. Tracing central targets of these sensory afferents revealed projections to the intermedius nucleus of the medulla (InM). These anterogradely labelled afferents co-localised with parvalbumin and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 indicating that they are proprioceptive. Anterograde tracing from the InM identified projections to brain regions involved in respiratory, cardiovascular, postural and oro-facial behaviours—the neighbouring hypoglossal nucleus, facial and motor trigeminal nuclei, parabrachial nuclei, rostral and caudal ventrolateral medulla and nucleus ambiguus. In brain slices, electrical stimulation of afferent fibre tracts lateral to the cuneate nucleus monosynaptically excited InM neurones. Direct stimulation of the InM in the WHBP mimicked the response of second cervical nerve stimulation. These results provide evidence of pathways linking upper cervical sensory afferents with CNS areas involved in autonomic and oromotor control, via the InM. Disruption of these neuronal pathways could, therefore, explain the dysphagic and cardiorespiratory abnormalities which may accompany cervical dystonia and WAD.