EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PASTURE AND RANGELAND ECOSYSTEMS ON ANNUAL DYNAMICS OF INSECTS IN CATTLE DROPPINGS
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PASTURE AND RANGELAND ECOSYSTEMS ON ANNUAL DYNAMICS OF INSECTS IN CATTLE DROPPINGS
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DOI：
10.3733/hilg.v45n02p031
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发表时间：
1977-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
MERRITT, RW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MERRITT, RW
在美国加利福尼亚州内华达山脉山麓进行的一项为期两年的研究（1971-73）包括对 4 种不同牧场和牧场生态系统（天然林地范围、部分开垦的林地范围、完全开垦的林地范围、栽培灌溉牧场）中白天和夜间排泄的牛粪中定殖和栖息的昆虫区系的多样性和丰度差异进行定量分析，并研究多样性和多样性之间的关系。每个牛场的昆虫栖息数量和牛场退化率。动物群由昆虫3目26科102种组成。样品记录有鞘翅目35～40种、双翅目50种、膜翅目12种。对主要类群的牧场、月份和年份之间每拍的平均物种数、个体数和昆虫生物量的差异进行了分析和讨论。牧场生态系统和季节对于决定粪便中昆虫的多样性和丰度最为重要。牧场之间个体和物种/地区数量的主要差异主要是由于与不同牧场环境相关的相互作用的局部和微气候因素的组合。大多数粪便昆虫不会在夜间掉落的粪便上定居。影响单位生物量的最重要的昆虫物种是圣甲虫 Aphodius fimetarius (L.)。论证了在试图了解群落结构和功能变化时考虑物种、个体和生物量的重要性。评估并讨论了不同季节、牧场和昆虫对草地退化的影响。在决定帕特退化率方面，帕特掉落的季节和牧场比昆虫对帕特退化率的影响更大。大多数昆虫对降解具有协同作用，主要是通过通气和加速干燥。该研究表明，应在自然资源管理综合系统中考虑粪便昆虫的作用。
A 2 yr study (1971-73) in the Sierra Nevada foothills of California [USA] consisted of a quantitative analysis of the differences in diversity and abundance of the insect fauna colonizing and inhabiting diurnally and nocturnally excreted cattle droppings in 4 different pasture and rangeland ecosystems (natural woodland range, partially cleared woodland range, totally cleared woodland range, cultivated irrigated pasture) and a study of the relationship between the diversity and abundance of insect inhabitants per cowpat and the rate of pat degradation. The fauna consisted of 3 orders of insects containing 26 families and 102 species. There were 35 to 40 different kinds of Coleoptera, 50 of Diptera and 12 of Hymenoptera, recorded from samples. Differences per pat in the mean number of species, number of individuals and insect biomass among pastures, months and years for the major taxa were analyzed and discussed. The pasture ecosystem and the season were most important in determining the diversity and abundance of insects colonizing droppings. Major differences among pastures in the number of individuals and species/pat were mainly due to a combination of interacting loco- and microclimatological factors associated with the environment of the different pastures. Most species of dung insects did not colonize pats dropped during the night. The most important insect species influencing biomass per pat was the scarab, Aphodius fimetarius (L.). The importance of considering species, individuals and biomass in attempting to understand changes in community structure and function was demonstrated. The influence of different seasons, pastures and insects on pat degradation was evaluated and discussed. The season and pasture in which the pat was dropped had a greater effect than insects in determining the rate of pat degradation. The majority of insects had a synergistic effect on degradation, principally through aeration and accelerated desiccation. The study indicates that the role of dung insects should be considered in an integrated system of natural resource management.