RADIOACTIVITY IN POLAR-REGIONS - MAIN SOURCES
RADIOACTIVITY IN POLAR-REGIONS - MAIN SOURCES
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DOI：
10.1016/0265-931x(94)90005-1
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发表时间：
1994-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
AARKROG, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
AARKROG, A
极地地区人为放射性的共同来源是大气中核武器试验产生的全球沉降物。在极地地区，来自这一来源的沉积物最少。然而，极地生态系统可能含有较高水平的放射性污染。北极地区的情况尤其如此，除了全球沉降物外，北极地区还从其他一些来源收到了大量的放射性物质。对西欧核后处理和切尔诺贝利事故的排放等一些来源作了很好的描述。其他的，如新地岛核试验的局部放射性尘埃，核设施向西伯利亚鄂毕河、叶尼塞河和勒拿河的排放，以及向巴伦支海和喀拉海倾倒核废料，则没有得到很好的记录，但可能会对北极观测到的和未来的污染产生重大影响。虽然北极地区食品的放射生态敏感性往往高于我们所知道的温带地区，北欧地区的生产力非常低，这意味着这些地区的集体剂量很低。然而，在北极地区可能会看到放射性污染造成的高个人剂量，例如在驯鹿饲养者身上就观察到了这种情况。放射性铯从低营养级向高营养级富集。在北极地区，海洋动物体内Cs-137含量比陆地动物低几个数量级，Cs-137向动物肉中的转移量比Sr-90高1 ~ 2个数量级，南极大陆的人为放射性污染水平明显较低。然而，与北极相比，数据稀少。
The common source of anthropogenic radioactivity of the polar regions has been global fallout from nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere. The depositions from this source are at a minimum in the polar regions. Nevertheless polar ecosystems may contain relatively high levels of radioactive contamination. This is true, in particular, for the Arctic regions, which beside global fallout have received significant amounts of radioactivity from a number of other sources. Some of the sources viz discharges from nuclear reprocessing in Western Europe and the Chernobyl accident are well described. Others, such as local fallout from the Novaya Zemlya test cite, discharges from nuclear facilities to the Siberian rivers Ob, Yenisey and Lena and dumping of nuclear waste in the Barents and Kara Seas are less well documented, but may contribute significantly to the observed and future contamination of the Arctic.Although the radioecological sensitivity of food products front Arctic regions tend to be higher than we know it from temperate regions, the very low productivity Of Nordic regions imply low collective doses front these regions. However, high individual doses from radioactive contamination may be seen in the Arctic as it has been observed for, e.g. reindeers breeders. Radiocaesium is concentrated from lower to higher trophic levels. The marine animals contain orders of magnitude lower Cs-137 levels than terrestrial animals in Arctic regions and the transfer of Cs-137 is one to two orders of magnitude greater than that of Sr-90 to meat of animals.The Antarctic continent is apparently characterized with extremely low levels of anthropogenic radioactive contamination. However data are sparse compared to the Arctic.