The Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) on Peanut when Applied During Vegetative Growth Stages
The Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) on Peanut when Applied During Vegetative Growth Stages
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DOI：
10.3146/ps16-15.1
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Webster, T. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Blanchett, B. H.;Grey, T. L.;Webster, T. M.
抗2，4-D棉花和大豆品种的开发引起了人们对2，4-D向敏感阔叶作物的潜在脱靶运动的极大关注。花生常与棉花和大豆种在一起。因此，2012年和2013年期间在Plains，Ty Ty和阿塔普尔古斯，GA进行了田间研究，以评估花生对出苗前（PRE）、种植后10、20或30天（DAP）施用的67、133、266、533和1066 g ae ha（-1）2，4-D的反应，对应于PRE、V2、V3、V4、V5和V6。和V5花生生长期。纳入未处理的对照（NTC）进行比较。治疗时机与速率的相互作用是显著的（P < 0.0001）。随着2，4-D施用量的增加，花生的伤害也随之增加。不同生育期的花生在不同施肥时期的产量损失反应存在差异。相对于NTC，在出苗前和V2生长阶段处理的花生在任何2，4-D评估率（67至1066 g ha（-1））下都没有产量损失。当花生在V3和V5生长期用2，4-D处理时，在67 - 1066 g ha（-1）的剂量下，伤害估计值分别为5 - 32%，并且花生冠层直径在相同的速率下被抑制5 - 35%。在V3和V5生长阶段施用533和1066 g ha（-1）2，4-D导致的花生产量损失分别为23%和36%;部分原因是生殖生长在该时间范围内开始，花生在收获前恢复的时间较少。利用线性回归模型对花生伤害和产量结果进行了评价。V3和V5处理的伤害与产量、伤害与冠层直径、冠层直径与产量均呈极显著正相关（P <0.0001），相关系数分别为-0.48、-0.76和0.51。种植者和推广人员将能够使用这些花生伤害估计和冠层直径数据，以改进对发生2，4-D脱靶运动或喷雾器污染的潜在花生产量损失的预测。
The development of 2,4-D-resistant cotton and soybean cultivars has created great concern about the potential off-target movement of 2,4-D onto sensitive broadleaf crops. Peanut is often grown in close proximity to cotton and soybean. Therefore, field studies were conducted during 2012 and 2013 at Plains, Ty Ty, and Attapulgus, GA to evaluate peanut response to 2,4-D at 67, 133, 266, 533, and 1066 g ae ha(-1) applied at preemergence (PRE), 10, 20, or 30 d after planting (DAP), corresponding to PRE, V2, V3, and V5 peanut growth stages. Nontreated controls (NTC) were included for comparison. Treatment timing by rate interactions were significant (P < 0.0001). As 2,4-D rate increased peanut injury increased. There was variation in yield loss response dependent on peanut growth stage at application timing. Peanut that was treated preemergence and at the V2 growth stage did not have yield loss at any of the 2,4-D evaluated rates (67 to 1066 g ha(-1)) relative to the NTC. When peanut was treated at V3 and V5 growth stages with 2,4-D, injury estimates were 5 to 32% from the 67 to 1066 g ha(-1) rates respectively, and peanut canopy diameter was stunted 5 to 35% at the same rates. The resulting peanut yield loss was 23 and 36% from 533 and 1066 g ha(-1) of 2,4-D applied at V3 and V5 growth stages; in part due to reproductive growth being initiated during that time-frame and peanut had less time to recuperate before harvest. Linear regression models were used to evaluate peanut injury and peanut yield results. Significant correlations were established for V3 and V5 treatments between injury and yield, injury and canopy diameter, and canopy diameter and yield (P, 0.0001), with correlation coefficients of - 0.48, - 0.76, and 0.51, respectively. Growers and extension agents will be able to use these peanut injury estimates and canopy diameter data to make improved predictions of potential peanut yield loss where off-target movement of 2,4-D or sprayer contamination has occurred.