Loyalty Matters: The Delicate Balance Between Jurisdictional Competition and Political Order
Loyalty Matters: The Delicate Balance Between Jurisdictional Competition and Political Order
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忠诚很重要：管辖权竞争与政治秩序之间的微妙平衡
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发表时间：
2019
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通讯作者：
M. Ferrera
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作者：
M. Ferrera
监管竞争的支持者通常声称，跨系统的“自由”、“无限制”竞争（如在欧盟）能够选择最佳监管（机构/政策/做法/管辖区）。假设的因果机制有点像这样：如果“顾客/消费者/公民”可以货比三家，政府就有动机通过更好的监管来留住/吸引他们--准确地说。在这样的推理中至少有两个隐藏的假设：a）政治是关于产生有效的监管; B）监管边界是障碍，边界的消除是优势。这篇文章将挑战这些假设，认为它们建立在对政治是什么的有限和狭隘的概念上。在阿尔伯特·赫希曼著名的“退出-声音-忠诚”和古典国家理论的基础上，我将表明，政治作为一个价值领域的首要和“绝对”目标是维持和培育政治共同体。追求这一目标是在“开放”和“封闭”之间的微妙平衡。由于只关注开放和边界消除的好处，监管竞争理论完全忽视了后者可能引发的对政治共同体制度基础的潜在破坏性螺旋。
Supporters of regulatory competition typically claim that cross-system “free”, “unbounded” competition (such as in the EU) is capable to select the best regulations (institutions/policies/practices/jurisdictions). The posited causal mechanism runs somewhat like this: if “customers/consumers/citizens” can shop around, governments have an incentive to keep/attract them through better regulations – precisely. There are at least two hidden assumptions in such reasoning: a) politics is about producing efficient regulations; b) regulatory boundaries operate as obstacles, boundary removal as advantages. This Article will challenge such assumptions, arguing that they rest on a limited and narrow conception of what politics is all about. Building on the well-known “exit-voice-loyalty” of Albert Hirschman as well as on classical State theory, I will show that the prime and “absolute” objective of politics as a value-sphere is the maintenance and cultivation of political community. Pursuing this objective is a delicate balancing act between “opening” and “closure”. By looking exclusively on the benefits of opening and boundary removal, theories of regulatory competition entirely neglect the potentially destructive spiral that the latter may trigger of for the institutional foundations of political community.