Controlled flight into terrain accidents among commuter and air taxi operators in Alaska.
Controlled flight into terrain accidents among commuter and air taxi operators in Alaska.
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阿拉斯加通勤者和空中出租车运营商发生受控飞行撞地事故。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Conway
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. K. Thomas;D. Bensyl;J. C. Manwaring;G. Conway
背景
1990年至1998年，阿拉斯加的航空事故造成100名职业飞行员死亡（相当于每年每10万名飞行员中有430人死亡，约为美国工人死亡率的86倍）。虽然阿拉斯加的地理和气候增加了航空风险，但许多事故都归因于飞行员的失误。虽然大多数事故发生在起飞/着陆期间，但大多数死亡事故都是由受控飞行撞地（CFIT）造成的。本研究的目的是检查CFIT的风险因素。
方法
使用美国国家运输安全委员会飞机事故数据，我们确定了CFIT从飞行阶段和事件描述字段，并计算了CFIT/非CFIT事故的视觉条件，飞机功能和飞行员经验的比值比。
结果
在1991年至1998年期间，阿拉斯加发生了351起单机通勤和空中出租车事故，其中59起（17%）是CFIT。在140起死亡事故中，82起（59%）发生在30起CFIT事故中。CFIT与非CFIT事故相比，死亡风险高12倍（OR = 12.42，95%CI = 8.19-18.88）。飞行目视飞行规则（VFR）进入能见度差的事故更可能是CFIT比非CFIT（比值比= 46.06，置信区间= 19.32-112.46），并造成37%的死亡。此外，仪表气象条件（IMC）下的航班发生CFIT的可能性是非CFIT的47倍。飞行时间、发动机数量、乘客在场或飞行员年龄均未显示出CFIT风险。所有的CFIT都归因于飞行员的错误，通常是由于持续的VFR进入能见度差。
结论
CFIT造成了大多数航空死亡。需要进一步研究导致CFIT的人为因素。实施全球定位、地面接近/回避技术，可能会减少CFIT的发生率。
BACKGROUND
Between 1990 and 1998, aviation accidents in Alaska caused 100 occupational pilot deaths (equivalent to 430/100,000 pilots/ year, approximately 86 times the overall U.S. worker fatality rate). Although Alaskan geography and climate increase aviation risks, many accidents were attributed to pilot error. While most accidents occurred during takeoff/landing, most fatalities resulted from Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT). The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors for CFIT.
METHODS
Using National Transportation Safety Board airplane accident data we identified CFIT from flight phase and event description fields, and calculated odds ratios for CFIT/non-CFIT accidents for visual conditions, aircraft features, and pilot experience.
RESULTS
Between 1991 and 1998, 351 single aircraft commuter and air taxi accidents occurred in Alaska; 59 (17%) were CFIT. Of 140 total fatalities, 82 (59%) occurred in 30 CFIT accidents. There was a twelve-fold risk for death in CFIT vs. non-CFIT accidents (OR = 12.42, 95% CI = 8.19-18.88). Accidents while flying Visual Flight Rules (VFR) into poor visibility were more likely CFIT than non-CFIT (Odds ratio = 46.06, Confidence Interval = 19.32-112.46), and caused 37% of all deaths. Additionally, flights in Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC) were 47 times more likely to be CFIT than non-CFIT. No risk for CFIT was shown for flight hours, number of engines, passenger presence, or pilot age. All CFIT were attributed to pilot error, often for continuing VFR into poor visibility.
CONCLUSION
CFIT caused most aviation deaths. Further research into human factors contributing to CFIT is needed. Implementation of global-positioning, ground-proximity/avoidance technology, might reduce CFIT incidence.