Progress towards the comprehensive control of hepatitis B in Africa: A view from South Africa
Progress towards the comprehensive control of hepatitis B in Africa: A view from South Africa
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DOI：
10.1136/gut.38.suppl_2.s31
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发表时间：
1996-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
24.5
通讯作者：
Kew, MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kew, MC
非洲黑人的B型肝炎病毒（HBV）携带率平均为10 . 4%，整个大陆。然而，即使在每个国家内部，也可能有很大的差异。非洲黑人的HEV携带主要是在幼儿期建立的，主要是通过水平传播。也发生围产期传播，但程度远低于远东地区。由于未知的原因，非洲黑人育龄妇女的HBeAg阳性率远低于远东妇女。南非的婴儿普遍接种乙肝疫苗始于1995年4月。如果要确保接种第二剂和第三剂疫苗，就可能需要有效地纳入扩大疫苗接种方案。幸运的是，城市化的自然进程也对南非的黑人携带者比率产生了有益的影响，因为城市携带者比率往往比农村地区低得多。因此，在未来20年内，急性HBV感染和新携带者的数量应该会大大减少。然而，在对HBV感染的长期后遗症（即肝硬化和肝细胞癌）的负担产生实质性影响之前，还需要更长的时间。
The carrier rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in black Africans averages 10 . 4% throughout the continent. Even within each country, however, there may be wide variations. HEV carriage in black Africans is largely established in early childhood, mostly through horizontal transmission. Perinatal transmission also occurs but to a much lesser extent than in the Far East. For unknown reasons, HBeAg positivity rates are much lower in black Africans of childbearing age than in women in the Far East. Universal HBV vaccination of infants in South Africa started in April 1995. Effective integration into the Expanded Programme on Vaccination will probably be necessary if administration of second and third doses is to be ensured. Fortunately, a natural process of urbanisation is also having a beneficial effect on the black carrier rate in South Africa, as urban carrier rates tend to be much lower than those in rural area. Within the next 20 years, therefore, there should be a great reduction in the numbers of acute HBV infections and new carriers. However, it will take much longer before there is any substantial impact on the burden of the longterm sequelae of HBV infection - that is, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.