Preseismic Fault Creep and Elastic Wave Amplitude Precursors Scale With Lab Earthquake Magnitude for the Continuum of Tectonic Failure Modes

Preseismic Fault Creep and Elastic Wave Amplitude Precursors Scale With Lab Earthquake Magnitude for the Continuum of Tectonic Failure Modes
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构造破坏模式连续体的地震断层蠕变和弹性波振幅前兆尺度与实验室地震震级

DOI:
10.1029/2020gl086986
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Marone, Chris
Marone, Chris
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shreedharan, Srisharan;Bolton, David Chas;Rivière, Jacques;Marone, Chris

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从慢地震到弹性动力学破裂,构造断层以连续的模式失效。在有限的自然环境和实验室实验中,已经观察到弹性波速度和振幅的前兆变化,被解释为即将发生故障的指标,这些变化被认为是由断层带内和周围的接触再生和微裂纹引起的。然而,物理机制和断层蠕动的连接知之甚少。在这里,我们在摩擦剪切过程中改变加载刚度,以产生一系列的滑动模式,并使用传输的弹性波测量断层带的属性。我们发现,弹性波振幅在断层破坏前有明显的变化。振幅降低的时间起始与实验室地震震级成比例,并且这种降低的幅度随断层滑动而变化。我们的数据为实验室地震的前兆提供了明确的证据,并表明连续的地震监测可能有助于评估断层状态和地震危险性。
Tectonic faults fail in a continuum of modes from slow earthquakes to elastodynamic rupture. Precursory variations in elastic wavespeed and amplitude, interpreted as indicators of imminent failure, have been observed in limited natural settings and lab experiments where they are thought to arise from contact rejuvenation and microcracking within and around the fault zone. However, the physical mechanisms and connections to fault creep are poorly understood. Here we vary loading stiffness during frictional shear to generate a range of slip modes and measure fault zone properties using transmitted elastic waves. We find that elastic wave amplitudes show clear changes before fault failure. The temporal onset of amplitude reduction scales with lab earthquake magnitude and the magnitude of this reduction varies with fault slip. Our data provide clear evidence of precursors to lab earthquakes and suggest that continuous seismic monitoring could be useful for assessing fault state and seismic hazard potential.
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