Biosynthesis and Regulation of Alkaloids
Biosynthesis and Regulation of Alkaloids
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-04670-4_8
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Burlat, V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guirimand, G.;Courdavault, V.;Burlat, V.
生物碱是一类化学成分非常多样的植物天然产物。这些分子中约有12,000个已被鉴定，它们与杂环中的氮原子相同。由于其毒性，许多生物碱被用于人体健康。本文综述了四大类生物碱--单萜吲哚生物碱(MIA)、苯基异喹啉生物碱(BIA)、托烷和尼古丁生物碱(TNA)和嘌呤生物碱(PA)的生物合成途径及其调控过程的最新研究进展。讨论了三种主要的途径，即一些生物合成途径的复杂空间组织，一些生物合成酶的结晶和建模，以及参与生物碱生物合成的转录因子调控网络。还介绍了这些发现在代谢工程策略方面的一些应用。
Alkaloids constitute a very chemically diverse group of plant natural products. These molecules, of which about 12,000 have been identified, share the common presence of a nitrogen atom in a heterocyclic ring. Because of their toxicity, many alkaloids are used for human health benefit. This review presents recent progresses in the elucidation of the biosynthetic pathways of four major classes of alkaloids—monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIA), benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIA), tropane and nicotine alkaloids (TNA) and purine alkaloids (PA)—and in the understanding of the regulatory processes involved. Three main approaches are discussed, namely the complex spatial organisation of some of these biosynthetic pathways, the crystallisation and modelling of some of the biosynthetic enzymes, and the transcription factor regulatory networks involved in alkaloid biosynthesis. Some applications of these discoveries for metabolic engineering strategies are also presented.