New ammonia demand: ammonia fuel as a decarbonization tool and a new source of reactive nitrogen
New ammonia demand: ammonia fuel as a decarbonization tool and a new source of reactive nitrogen
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/ac4b74
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发表时间：
2022-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
K. Nishina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Nishina
气候变化无疑是一个影响整个世界，包括所有生态系统和人类社会的紧迫环境问题。此外，Rockström的行星边界概念表明，由于人类活动负载活性氮，氮的生物地球化学循环远远超出行星边界，气候变化也是如此(Steffen等，2015)。事实上，过度使用活性氮会导致与空气和水质量相关的各种环境问题，并导致气候变化和平流层臭氧消耗，从而威胁健康、生物多样性和生计(Sutton等人，2021)。为了实现脱碳社会，人们提出了获取一次能源和二次能源的各种方法以及节能技术。利用氢气是二次能源领域采用的方法之一，这是欧盟国家的一项重大战略(欧盟氢能战略2020)。同样，在日本，也有将氨作为二次能源和化石燃料燃烧替代品的计划。氨(NH3)燃料的使用在第6个基础能源计划中得到了明确的确定，该计划于2021年10月22日获得内阁批准，排在COP26之前。与H2类似，NH3可以用作无碳燃烧器，燃烧时不会产生二氧化碳(4NH3+5O2→4NO+6H2O+906kJ)。NH3是一种常温常压气体，只需很少的附加设备，就可以在液体天然气发电厂中混烧。它们也可以在燃煤发电厂中混烧。NH3可在室温下液化(>；8.6kpa)，其体积氢密度高于液氢，使其在运输和储存方面具有优势(Valera-Medina等人，2021)。为了减少火力发电厂的二氧化碳排放，日本路线图计划到2030年在燃煤电厂使用20%的NH3混烧
Climate change is undoubtedly a pressing environmental issue affecting the entire world, including all ecosystems and human society. In addition, Rockström’s concept of planetary boundaries suggests that the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen, due to the loading of reactive nitrogen by human activities, is well beyond the planetary boundaries, as is climate change (Steffen et al 2015). In fact, excessive use of reactive nitrogen causes a variety of environmental problems related to air and water quality and contributes to climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion, thereby threatening health, biodiversity, and livelihoods (Sutton et al 2021). Various methods for the acquisition of primary and secondary energy, as well as energy-saving technologies have been proposed to achieve a decarbonized society. The use of hydrogen is one of the methods employed in the area of secondary energy, which represents a major strategy of the countries in the European Union (EU Hydrogen Strategy 2020). Similarly, in Japan, there are plans that use ammonia as a secondary energy source and as an alternative to fossil fuel combustion. The use of ammonia (NH3) fuel was clearly identified in the 6th Basic Energy Plan, which received cabinet approval on 22 October 2021, prior to COP26.Similar to H2, NH3 could serve as a carbon-free combustor that does not produce CO2 when burned (4NH3+ 5O2→ 4NO+ 6H2O+ 906 kJ). NH3 is a gas at room temperature and pressure, and it can be co-fired in liquid natural gas power plants with only minor additional equipment. They can also be cofired in coal-fired power plants. NH3 can be liquefied at room temperature (> 8.6 kpa), and its volumetric hydrogen density is higher than that of liquid hydrogen, makingitsuperiorintermsoftransportationand storage (Valera-Medina et al 2021). In order to reduce CO2 emissions from thermal power plants, the Japanese roadmap plans the use of 20% NH3 co-firing in coal-fired power plants by 2030