The effect of temperature on fish swimming and schooling is context dependent
The effect of temperature on fish swimming and schooling is context dependent
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DOI：
10.1111/oik.09202
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发表时间：
2022-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Maria Kuruvilla;A. Dell;Ashley R. Olson;J. Knouft;J. Grady;Jacob Forbes;A. Berdahl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maria Kuruvilla;A. Dell;Ashley R. Olson;J. Knouft;J. Grady;Jacob Forbes;A. Berdahl
温度对变温动物的生理和行为有很大的影响。在鱼类中，温度影响社会互动，如鱼群行为，这是一种抵御捕食的常见手段。然而，温度对鱼群集体应对捕食者的能力的影响尚不清楚。在这里，我们使用织布机刺激来模拟一个接近的捕食者，在水温（9-29°C）和鱼群规模（1-16条鱼）的范围内引发鱼群逃跑反应。虽然速度和加速度总是对温度表现出正的曲线响应，但在捕食威胁和未受干扰时，性能达到峰值的最佳温度是不同的。同样，组水平指标在织机刺激后立即对温度敏感，但在不受干扰的游泳过程中对温度没有反应。在20°C时，鱼对织布机刺激的反应时间最短。在织布机中，受到惊吓的鱼的比例在13°C时达到峰值——大约在相同的温度下，速度和加速度达到最大值。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，变温鱼类可能能够通过增加对捕食威胁的惊吓敏感性来补偿它们在较低温度下在无干扰游泳时较慢的游泳速度。更一般地说，我们表明，在变温动物中，温度对行为特征的定性和定量影响可能取决于环境。
Temperature is highly influential on the physiology and behaviour of ectotherms. In fish, temperature affects social interactions such as schooling behaviour, a common defence against predation. However, the effect of temperature on the ability of schooling fish to collectively respond to a predator is unknown. Here we used a loom stimulus to simulate an approaching predator that elicited a fleeing response in schooling fish over a range of water temperatures (9–29°C) and group sizes (1–16 fish). While speed and acceleration always exhibited a positive curvilinear response to temperature, the optimal temperature at which performance peaked was different during the predation threat versus when they were unperturbed. Similarly, group‐level metrics were sensitive to temperature immediately after a loom stimulus but showed no response to temperature during unperturbed swimming. The time taken for fish to respond to the loom stimulus was minimal at 20°C. The proportion of fish that startled, during a loom, peaked at 13°C – around the same temperature at which speed, and acceleration was maximum. Taken together, our results suggest that ectothermic fish may be able to compensate for their slower swim speeds at lower temperatures during unperturbed swimming by increasing their sensitivity to startle in response to a predation threat. More generally, we show that in ectotherms the qualitative and quantitative effect of temperature on a behavioural trait may be dependent on the context.