Mineral dust cycle in the Multiscale Online Nonhydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (MONARCH) Version 2.0
Mineral dust cycle in the Multiscale Online Nonhydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (MONARCH) Version 2.0
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DOI：
10.5194/gmd-14-6403-2021
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发表时间：
2021-10-25
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Perez Garcia-Pando, Carlos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Klose, Martina;Jorba, Oriol;Perez Garcia-Pando, Carlos
我们介绍了多尺度在线非静力大气化学模式(MONARCH)2.0版中的沙尘模块，这是一个化学天气预报系统，可用于区域和全球范围内的分辨率模拟。MONARCH对沙尘过程的表示进行了升级，重点放在沙尘排放(排放参数、夹带阈值、考虑土壤水分和地表覆盖)、较低边界条件(粗糙度、潜在尘埃源)和沙尘-辐射相互作用上。Monch现在允许使用根本不同的范例对全球和区域矿物粉尘循环进行建模，从高度简化到基于物理的参数化。我们提供了这些更新的详细描述以及四个全球基准模拟，它们使用了概念上不同的尘埃发射参数，并根据尘埃光学厚度的观测对模拟进行了评估。我们确定了关键的尘埃参数，如全球年排放/沉积通量、尘埃负荷、尘埃光学厚度、质量消光效率、单次散射反照率和直接辐射效应。对于直径在20微米以下的沙尘，我们的四个实验得到的年总扬尘和沉降量在3500-6000 Tg之间，这在很大程度上取决于排放的粒度分布的不同。考虑到椭球粒子形状和尘埃折射率对尺寸分辨矿物学的影响，我们估计全球(长波和短波)尘埃直接辐射效应(DRE)在地表约-0.90~-0.63Wm(-2)之间，大气顶部约在-0.20~-0.28Wm(-2)之间。我们的评估表明，MONARCH能够通过不同配置之间的重要和有洞察力的差异来再现全球尘埃循环时空变化的关键特征。
We present the dust module in the Multiscale Online Non-hydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (MONARCH) version 2.0, a chemical weather prediction system that can be used for regional and global modeling at a range of resolutions. The representations of dust processes in MONARCH were upgraded with a focus on dust emission (emission parameterizations, entrainment thresholds, considerations of soil moisture and surface cover), lower boundary conditions (roughness, potential dust sources), and dust-radiation interactions. MONARCH now allows modeling of global and regional mineral dust cycles using fundamentally different paradigms, ranging from strongly simplified to physics-based parameterizations. We present a detailed description of these updates along with four global benchmark simulations, which use conceptually different dust emission parameterizations, and we evaluate the simulations against observations of dust optical depth. We determine key dust parameters, such as global annual emission/deposition flux, dust loading, dust optical depth, mass-extinction efficiency, single-scattering albedo, and direct radiative effects. For dust-particle diameters up to 20 mu m, the total annual dust emission and deposition fluxes obtained with our four experiments range between about 3500 and 6000 Tg, which largely depend upon differences in the emitted size distribution. Considering ellipsoidal particle shapes and dust refractive indices that account for size-resolved mineralogy, we estimate the global total (longwave and shortwave) dust direct radiative effect (DRE) at the surface to range between about -0.90 and -0.63 W m(-2) and at the top of the atmosphere between -0.20 and -0.28 W m(-2). Our evaluation demonstrates that MONARCH is able to reproduce key features of the spatiotemporal variability of the global dust cycle with important and insightful differences between the different configurations.