Pause for effect: A 10-s interviewer wait time gives children time to respond to open-ended prompts
Pause for effect: A 10-s interviewer wait time gives children time to respond to open-ended prompts
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104824
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Poole, Debra Ann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rezmer, Brooke E.;Trager, Lisa A.;Poole, Debra Ann
当研究人员和帮助专业人员就一个目标事件采访儿童时，他们应该容忍沉默多久才能给出另一个提示？换句话说，孩子们在什么时候不太可能开始说话，以至于持续的沉默可能是徒劳的？为了测试开放式提示期间10秒等待时间指南的合理性，我们分析了研究助理（N = 7）的等待时间，他们接受了10秒指南的采访，计时儿童对提示的反应速度，以及儿童事件叙述中的暂停时间。在我们的样本（105个与4-8岁儿童的对话）中，采访者在大多数采访中完全遵守10秒规则，儿童在开始谈论事件或继续叙述之前通常会停顿超过5秒，并且超过96%的儿童在事件信息之后的停顿都在10秒窗口内。这些研究结果表明，10秒的等待时间是一个实用的指导方针，让孩子们有时间做出反应，而不会在面试中出现令人不安的长时间停顿。我们的结论是，增加等待时间的指导方针，以访问儿童的协议，并增加指导方针与等待时间的培训，研究助理和帮助专业人员，可以提高质量的信息从儿童和推进我们的了解事件记忆的年龄差异。(C)2020爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
When researchers and helping professionals interview children about a target event, how long should they tolerate silence before delivering another prompt? In other words, at what point are children so unlikely to begin talking again that continued silence would likely be unproductive? To test the reasonableness of a 10-s wait time guideline during open-ended prompting, we analyzed the wait times of research assistants (N = 7) who interviewed with a 10-s guideline, timed how quickly children responded to prompts, and also timed pauses within children's event narratives. In our sample (105 conversations with children aged 4-8 years), interviewers complied fully with the 10-s rule in the majority of interviews, children often paused for longer than 5 s before beginning to talk about the event or continuing a narrative, and more than 96% of children's pauses that were followed by event information fell within the 10-s window. These findings show that the 10-s wait time was a practical guideline that gave children time to respond without peppering interviews with uncomfortably long pauses. We conclude that adding wait time guidelines to protocols for interviewing children, and augmenting guidelines with wait time training for research assistants and helping professionals, could improve the quality of information obtained from children and advance our understanding of age differences in event memory. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.