Conservation Policies: Who Responds to Price and Who Responds to Prescription?
Conservation Policies: Who Responds to Price and Who Responds to Prescription?
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保护政策：谁对价格做出反应，谁对处方做出反应？
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.2789765
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Roger H. von Haefen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Casey J. Wichman;Laura O. Taylor;Roger H. von Haefen
价格和非价格工具的效率属性，为保护环境政策是很好的理解。然而，很少有证据比较这些工具的有效性，特别是在考虑水资源管理时。我们利用丰富的面板的居民用水量的数据来研究在干旱时期的价格和非价格保护政策的异质性反应，同时控制不可观察的家庭特征。我们的实证模型表明，在六个北卡罗来纳州市的独立式独户住宅业主中，相对低收入家庭对价格更敏感，相对高消费家庭对价格不太敏感。然而，限制户外用水等规范性政策导致不同收入水平的人做出统一的反应，同时针对有灌溉系统和历史上高消费的家庭减少用水。
The efficiency properties of price and nonprice instruments for conservation in environmental policy are well understood. However, there is little evidence comparing the effectiveness of these instruments, especially when considering water resource management. We exploit a rich panel of residential water consumption data to examine heterogeneous responses to both price and nonprice conservation policies during times of drought while controlling for unobservable household characteristics. Our empirical models suggest that among owners of detached, single-family homes in six North Carolina municipalities, relatively low-income households are more sensitive to price and relatively high-consumption households are less sensitive to price. However, prescriptive policies such as restrictions on outdoor water use result in uniform responses across income levels, while simultaneously targeting reductions from households with irrigation systems and historically high consumption.