Environmental Pollution and the Developing Lung.
Environmental Pollution and the Developing Lung.
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DOI：
10.1097/cpm.0000000000000095
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发表时间：
2015-07
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Auten R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Voynow JA;Auten R
在这篇综述中，我们讨论了环境烟草烟雾和来自化石燃料燃烧的颗粒和气体空气污染物对特别脆弱的人群，婴儿和儿童的影响。室内和室外空气污染物加剧慢性呼吸道疾病和下呼吸道感染。然而，产前空气污染暴露的影响更为惊人。在啮齿动物和猴子中有几份报告称，母体暴露于烟草烟雾或化石燃料产生的空气污染物会导致子宫内生长迟缓、肺重塑和免疫细胞活化，从而增加哮喘风险或呼吸道感染发病风险。重要的是，流行病学研究证实，母亲暴露于空气污染物会降低婴儿和儿童的肺功能，这种情况可能会持续到成年。因此，环境空气污染物通过改变正常肺发育和修复的能力，通过促进早期肺部炎症增加成年后对污染引发的症状性肺病的易感性，以及通过限制对环境和感染性损伤的后期适应/修复反应的能力，导致慢性阻塞性肺病的儿童起源。
In this review, we discuss the impact of environmental tobacco smoke and particulate and gaseous air pollutants derived from fossil fuel combustion on a particularly vulnerable population, infants and children. Indoor and outdoor air pollutants exacerbate chronic respiratory diseases and lower respiratory tract infections. However, there is an even more alarming impact of antenatal air pollution exposures. There are several reports in rodents and monkeys that maternal exposure to tobacco smoke or fossil fuel-generated air pollutants causes in utero growth retardation, lung remodeling, and immune cell activation which increase the risk for asthma or the risk of morbidity with respiratory infections. Importantly, epidemiologic studies confirm that maternal exposure to air pollutants decreases lung function in infants and children which may persist to young adulthood. Thus, environmental air pollutants contribute to childhood origins of chronic obstructive lung disease by changing the capacity for normal lung development and repair, by promoting early lung inflammation which increases the susceptibility to pollution-triggered symptomatic lung disease in adulthood, and by limiting the capacity for later adaptive/repair responses to environmental and infectious insults.