Fungal invasion of normally non-phagocytic host cells.
Fungal invasion of normally non-phagocytic host cells.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.0020129
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发表时间：
2006-12
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Sheppard, Donald C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Filler, Scott G;Sheppard, Donald C
许多引起侵袭性疾病的真菌在粘膜和呼吸道感染期间侵入宿主上皮细胞，随后在血行感染期间侵入内皮细胞。大多数真菌通过诱导自身摄取来侵入这些通常非吞噬性的宿主细胞。白色念珠菌菌丝在体外通过与内皮细胞表面的 N-钙粘蛋白结合而与内皮细胞相互作用。这种结合诱导内皮细胞微丝重排，从而导致生物体的内吞作用。新型隐球菌的荚膜由葡萄糖醛酸木甘露聚糖组成，它与脑内皮细胞特异性结合，似乎介导粘附和诱导内吞作用。其他真菌病原体诱导自身吸收的机制在很大程度上尚不清楚。一些血管侵袭性真菌，例如曲霉属和接合菌，在侵袭性疾病开始时从管腔表面侵入内皮细胞，随后在血行传播期间侵入内皮细胞的管腔表面。根据入侵真菌的类型，正常非吞噬宿主细胞的入侵会产生不同的后果。烟曲霉阻止肺上皮细胞凋亡，而巴西副球孢子菌则诱导上皮细胞凋亡。这篇综述总结了不同真菌病原体侵入正常非吞噬宿主细胞的机制，并讨论了我们知识的空白，为未来的研究提供了机会。
Many fungi that cause invasive disease invade host epithelial cells during mucosal and respiratory infection, and subsequently invade endothelial cells during hematogenous infection. Most fungi invade these normally non-phagocytic host cells by inducing their own uptake. Candida albicans hyphae interact with endothelial cells in vitro by binding to N-cadherin on the endothelial cell surface. This binding induces rearrangement of endothelial cell microfilaments, which results in the endocytosis of the organism. The capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans is composed of glucuronoxylomannan, which binds specifically to brain endothelial cells, and appears to mediate both adherence and induction of endocytosis. The mechanisms by which other fungal pathogens induce their own uptake are largely unknown. Some angioinvasive fungi, such as Aspergillus species and the Zygomycetes, invade endothelial cells from the abluminal surface during the initiation of invasive disease, and subsequently invade the luminal surface of endothelial cells during hematogenous dissemination. Invasion of normally non-phagocytic host cells has different consequences, depending on the type of invading fungus. Aspergillus fumigatus blocks apoptosis of pulmonary epithelial cells, whereas Paracoccidioides brasiliensis induces apoptosis of epithelial cells. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which diverse fungal pathogens invade normally non-phagocytic host cells and discusses gaps in our knowledge that provide opportunities for future research.