Adolescent behavioral and neural reward sensitivity: a test of the differential susceptibility theory.
Adolescent behavioral and neural reward sensitivity: a test of the differential susceptibility theory.
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DOI：
10.1038/tp.2016.37
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发表时间：
2016-04-05
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Hartman CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Richards JS;Arias Vásquez A;von Rhein D;van der Meer D;Franke B;Hoekstra PJ;Heslenfeld DJ;Oosterlaan J;Faraone SV;Buitelaar JK;Hartman CA
人们对奖励敏感性个体差异的原因知之甚少。我们研究了基因-环境相互作用（GxE）的奖励敏感性的行为和神经措施，根据不同的易感性理论。这个理论指出，携带可塑性基因变异的个体在消极的环境中会更处于不利地位，但在积极的环境中会更容易受到伤害。奖励反应进行了评估，在178名参与者和265名没有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD），从N=261个家庭的金钱奖励延迟任务。我们研究了候选可塑性基因（DAT 1，5-HTT和DRD 4）和社会环境（母亲表达的情感和同伴关系）之间的相互作用。HTTLPR短等位基因携带者在高积极同伴关系中表现出最小的奖励速度，而在低积极同伴关系或低母亲温暖时表现出最大的奖励速度。DAT 1 10重复纯合子表现出类似的GxE模式对母亲的温暖一般任务的表现。在神经水平上，DRD 4 7-重复携带者在奖励预期过程中表现出最少的纹状体激活，当暴露于高的母亲温暖时，但当暴露于低的温暖时。结果与ADHD严重程度无关。我们的研究结果部分证实了差异易感性理论，并表明积极的社会环境中的奖励敏感性和一般任务的表现，为特定基因型的人的重要性。
Little is known about the causes of individual differences in reward sensitivity. We investigated gene–environment interactions (GxE) on behavioral and neural measures of reward sensitivity, in light of the differential susceptibility theory. This theory states that individuals carrying plasticity gene variants will be more disadvantaged in negative, but more advantaged in positive environments. Reward responses were assessed during a monetary incentive delay task in 178 participants with and 265 without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), from N=261 families. We examined interactions between variants in candidate plasticity genes (DAT1, 5-HTT and DRD4) and social environments (maternal expressed emotion and peer affiliation). HTTLPR short allele carriers showed the least reward speeding when exposed to high positive peer affiliation, but the most when faced with low positive peer affiliation or low maternal warmth. DAT1 10-repeat homozygotes displayed similar GxE patterns toward maternal warmth on general task performance. At the neural level, DRD4 7-repeat carriers showed the least striatal activation during reward anticipation when exposed to high maternal warmth, but the most when exposed to low warmth. Findings were independent of ADHD severity. Our results partially confirm the differential susceptibility theory and indicate the importance of positive social environments in reward sensitivity and general task performance for persons with specific genotypes.