Migrant farmworker field and camp safety and sanitation in eastern North Carolina.
Migrant farmworker field and camp safety and sanitation in eastern North Carolina.
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北卡罗来纳州东部农民工田间和营地的安全和卫生。
DOI：
10.1080/10599240903389508
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Arcury,ThomasA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Whalley,LaraE;Grzywacz,JosephG;Quandt,SaraA;Vallejos,QuirinaM;Walkup,Michael;Chen,Haiying;Galván,Leonardo;Arcury,ThomasA
农民工在工作场所面临多种危险因素，其中农药是一种普遍存在的职业接触因素。该分析描述了农场工人在野外和营地安全条件下的经历及其安全行为，并描述了与安全条件和行为相关的农场工人特征。在 2007 年北卡罗来纳州东部农业季节期间，每月对 255 名农民工进行了最多 4 次的数据收集。措施评估联邦和州法规要求的现场安全条件和营地卫生条件。大多数农场工人是来自墨西哥的拉丁裔男性。约20%未接受过跨季节农药安全培训；许多接受过此类培训的人并不理解。大约三分之一的工人无法获得清洗水；超过一半的人没有肥皂和毛巾。大约 20% 的人居住的营地每个淋浴喷头有超过 8 名工人，大约 20% 的人居住的营地未能达到每个浴缸/洗衣机 30 名或更少工人的标准。变化的重要预测因素包括 H2A 签证状态和多年的经验。分析得出四个主题：（1）安全法规没有得到始终如一的遵守； （二）农场作业人员安全行为不落实的； (3) 农季中期，营地变得更加拥挤和不合规； (4) 持有 H2A 签证的工人比没有 H2A 签证的工人体验更好的工作条件并采取更多的安全行为。进一步的研究需要考虑社会和文化因素。应将法规与农药代谢水平进行比较，以衡量其有效性。需要付出更多努力来执行现有法规。
Migrant farmworkers are exposed to numerous workplace hazards, with pesticides being a ubiquitous occupational exposure. This analysis describes farmworker experiences of field and camp safety conditions and their safety behaviors, and delineates farmworker characteristics associated with safety conditions and behaviors. Data were collected from 255 migrant farmworkers up to 4 times at monthly intervals during the 2007 agricultural season in eastern North Carolina. Measures assess field safety conditions and camp sanitation required by federal and state regulations. Most of the farmworkers were Latino men from Mexico. About 20% had not received pesticide safety training across the season; many of those who received such training did not understand it. Water for washing was not available for about one-third of the workers; soap and towels were not available for over half. About 20% lived in camps with more than eight workers per showerhead and about 20% lived in camps that failed to meet the standard of 30 or fewer workers per washtub/washing machine. Important predictors of variation included H2A visa status and years of experience. Four themes emerged from the analysis: (1) safety regulations are not consistently met; (2) farmworkers do not always practice safety behaviors; (3) camps become more crowded and less compliant during the middle of the agricultural season; and (4) workers with H2A visas experience better conditions and practice more safety behaviors than do workers who do not have H2A visas. Further research needs to account for social and cultural factors. Regulations should be compared with pesticide metabolite levels to measure their effectiveness. More effort is needed to enforce existing regulations.