Farmers’ Participation in Weekly Organic Bazaars in Aurangabad, India
Farmers’ Participation in Weekly Organic Bazaars in Aurangabad, India
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农民参加印度奥兰加巴德每周的有机集市
DOI：
10.7310/arfe.46.301
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Yoshifumi Usami
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Joshi;J. Kaneko;Yoshifumi Usami
（ ) 1. 背景与目的2000年，印度政府建立了国家有机生产计划（NPOP）。NPOP制定了有机生产标准、体系准则、检验、认证机构认可程序和国家有机标识及其使用法规。该标准旨在（但不）满足食品法典委员会和IFOAM的国际标准要求。政府为国际和国内市场制定了这一计划。实际上，这一标准并非用于国内，而是用于出口。当有机农民想要销售有机产品时，他们必须通过NPOP指定的认证机构的认证。只有经过认证的农民种植的有机产品才能以“印度有机”的名义进入市场。获得该认证的费用因认证机构而异，但通常每年的费用超过20,000卢比。种植香料、茶叶和咖啡等有机加工产品的大农场主可以负担得起认证费用。因此，有机加工产品的大量出口市场已经在印度得到了很好的发展。相比之下，主要为国内市场生产时令蔬菜的小农则负担不起这一成本。因此，有机水果和蔬菜的国内市场还有待开发。我们之前的研究表明，生态印楝农药对香料和蔬菜的种植是有效的，但主要是由小农和边缘农民使用。但是，由于该地区几乎没有有机市场，这些环保农民不得不与其他传统作物一起出售，没有任何溢价。如果存在有机市场，农民可以在有机市场上以溢价出售他们的有机产品。他们的收入会增加，因此更多的农民会采用有机农业。我们考察了位于马哈拉施特拉邦奥兰加巴德的农村综合发展研究所（IIRD）。该组织拥有独特的有机产品营销渠道，这增加了有机农业。2001年，奥兰加巴德的人口为892,483人，是马哈拉施特拉邦最干旱的地区之一，气温范围为9°C至40°C，只有在印度奥兰加巴德农民参加每周有机集市时才会下雨
( ) 1. Background and purpose In 2000, the government of India established the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP). NPOP set a standard for organic production, system criteria, procedures for accreditation of inspection, certification bodies and the national organic logo with the regulations governing its use. The standard is meant to (but does not) meet the international standard requirements of CODEX and IFOAM. The government created the programme for both the international and domestic markets [1]. In reality, this standard is not for domestic purposes but for export. When organic farmers want to sell their products as organic, they have to be certified by accredited agencies designated by NPOP. Only organic products grown by certified farmers are allowed to be in markets under the name of “India Organic”. Charges for obtaining this certification vary by accredited agencies, but it usually costs more than Rs. 20,000/year. Large landholding farmers who grow organic processing products like spices, tea and coffee can afford the certification cost. Therefore, a substantial export market for the organic processing products has already been well developed in India. In contrast, the cost is unaffordable for small farmers who mainly produce seasonal vegetables for domestic markets. Therefore, domestic markets for organic fruits and vegetables are yet to be developed. Our previous research has shown that the ecological neem pesticide, which is effective for cultivating spices and vegetables, is mostly used by small and marginal farmers [2]. However, those eco-friendly farmers have to sell their crops with other conventional ones without any price premium since there are few organic markets in the district. If an organic market exists, farmers can sell their organic products on the organic market with a price premium. Their income will increase and thus more farmers will adopt organic farming. We examine the Institute for Integrated Rural Development (IIRD) located in Aurangabad, Maharashtra State. The organization has a unique marketing channel for organic products, which has increased organic farming. Aurangabad had a population of 892,483 in 2001 [3] and is one of the driest areas in Maharashtra State with a temperature range of 9°C to 40°C, and rainfall only occurs in Farmers’ Participation in Weekly Organic Bazaars in Aurangabad, India