The invasion and potential impact of the Asian House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) in Australia
The invasion and potential impact of the Asian House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) in Australia
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02143.x
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Hoskin, Conrad J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hoskin, Conrad J.
半爪虎是一种亚洲壁虎，已经在泛热带地区传播，成为世界上分布最广泛的爬行动物之一。它在澳大利亚已经建立了大约50年，但在过去的20年里，它在澳大利亚北部和东部的定居地区大规模扩大了射程；而且这种传播仍在继续。令人不安的是，在澳大利亚的自然栖息地中，越来越多的人发现了华支睾吸虫，在某些情况下，密度很高。尽管这种物种的传播非常猖獗，但人们对该物种对当地壁虎或更广泛的自然系统的潜在影响几乎没有什么担忧。这是令人惊讶的，因为澳大利亚是壁虎起源和多样性的中心，而且有充分的证据表明，在其引入的范围内的其他地区，h.frenatus对壁虎的有害影响。在这里，我回顾了黑线姬蜂的生物学和全球分布，绘制了其自建立以来50年来在澳大利亚的传播情况，并回顾了国内外对该物种入侵种群的研究，以评估潜在的影响。我认为，澳大利亚应该更加关注华支睾吸虫，因为：(I)它正在澳大利亚北部、东部和中部迅速传播；(Ii)它可以入侵自然栖息地；(Iii)它是一个非常强大的竞争对手，在某些情况下可能会超过澳大利亚壁虎；(Iv)它携带着可能影响本土爬行动物物种的新型寄生虫。半指甲虫将继续存在，并对澳大利亚的多样性和生态构成潜在威胁。一个关键问题是它将在多大程度上入侵自然栖息地，以及它将对这些栖息地产生什么影响。需要进行研究，以评估华支睾吸虫在澳大利亚的当前和潜在影响，以便确定如何管理这些影响以及所需的投资水平。
Hemidactylus frenatus is an Asian gecko that has spread pantropically to become one the world's most widespread reptiles. It has been established in Australia for approximately 50 years, but the last two decades have seen massive range expansion across settled areas of northern and eastern Australia; and this spread continues at pace. Disturbingly, H. frenatus is increasingly being detected in natural habitats in Australia, in some cases at high densities. Despite rampant spread, there has been little concern regarding the potential impact of this species on native geckos or natural systems more broadly. This is surprising given that Australia is a centre of gecko origin and diversity, and that H. frenatus has had well documented detrimental impacts on geckos in other parts of its introduced range. Here I review the biology and global distribution of H. frenatus, plot its spread in Australia over the five decades since establishment, and review the research on invasive populations of this species overseas and in Australia to assess potential impacts. I argue that Australia should be more concerned about H. Frenatus because: (i) it is spreading rapidly across northern, eastern and central Australia; (ii) it can invade natural habitats; (iii) it is a very strong competitor and may out-compete Australian geckos in some situations; and (iv) it carries novel parasites that may impact native reptile species. Hemidactylus frenatus is here to stay and represents a potential threat to Australia's diversity and ecology. A key question is the degree to which it will invade natural habitats and what its impacts will be in these. Research is required to assess the current and potential impacts of H. frenatus in Australia so as to determine how these can be managed and the level of investment warranted.