Pharmacological manipulations of CNS sirtuins: potential effects on metabolic homeostasis.

Pharmacological manipulations of CNS sirtuins: potential effects on metabolic homeostasis.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.phrs.2010.02.002
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发表时间:
2010-07
影响因子:
9.3
通讯作者:
Coppari, Roberto
Coppari, Roberto
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ramadori, Giorgio;Coppari, Roberto

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Sirtuins是在从细菌到人类的生物体中发现的去乙酰化酶和/或单adp核糖基转移酶。这些酶使用氧化烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)和一长串不同的蛋白质(例如:组蛋白、转录因子、辅因子、电子传递链成员等)作为底物。sirtuin介导的反应产生脱乙酰化蛋白,烟酰胺(NAM)和2 ' - o-乙酰- adp核糖(O-AADPr)或单adp核糖化蛋白和NAM。由于这些翻译后修饰改变了其靶标的活性,而sirtuins依赖于NAD+发挥作用,因此这些酶被认为将代谢状态与细胞基因表达、活性和命运联系起来;因此sirtuins被认为是真正的代谢感应蛋白。由于其不同的靶点,sirtuins影响新陈代谢、衰老、寿命、昼夜节律和许多其他生物和生理程序。在这篇综述中,我们关注它们在代谢稳态中的已知作用,特别强调它们在中枢神经系统(CNS)神经元中的功能。我们还触及了中枢神经系统sirtuins的药理学操作可能的代谢结果。
Sirtuins are deacetylases and/or mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases found in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. These enzymes use oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and a long array of different proteins (e.g.: histones, transcription factors, cofactors, members of the electron transport chain, etc.) as substrates. Sirtuins-mediated reactions yield deacetylated proteins, nicotinamide (NAM) and 2′-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose (O-AADPr) or mono-ADP-ribosylated proteins and NAM. As these post-translational modifications change the activity of their targets and sirtuins depend on NAD+ to function, these enzymes are thought to link metabolic statuses with cellular gene expression, activity and fate; as such sirtuins are thought to be bona fide metabolic-sensor proteins. Due to their diverse targets, sirtuins affect metabolism, senescence, longevity, circadian rhythms and many other biological and physiological programs. In this review we focus on their known roles on metabolic homeostasis with particular emphasis on their functions in neurons within the central nervous system (CNS). We also touch upon the possible metabolic outcomes of pharmacological manipulations of CNS sirtuins.
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