Way-finding in displaced clock-shifted bees proves bees use a cognitive map
Way-finding in displaced clock-shifted bees proves bees use a cognitive map
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1408039111
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发表时间：
2014-06-17
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Menzel, Randolf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheeseman, James F.;Millar, Craig D.;Menzel, Randolf
哺乳动物通过度量认知图进行导航。昆虫，尤其是蜜蜂和蚂蚁，也是令人印象深刻的航海家。他们是否也有度量认知图的问题对于认知科学和神经科学来说很重要。实验中捕获和流离失所的蜜蜂通常会按照捕获前的指南针方向离开释放地点，尽管这不再使它们朝着目标前进。然而，当蜜蜂发现自己的错误时，它们或多或少会直接朝着他们的目标出发。这种从熟悉环境中的任意点定向到目标的能力证明他们拥有经验环境的集成度量图。我们报告了对另一种假设的测试，即所有蜜蜂的记忆中都是快照的集合，使它们能够识别不同的地标，并且与每个这样的快照相关联，从先前访问该地标之前和之后进行的航位推测得出的太阳指南针参考的归属向量。我们表明，全身麻醉引起的太阳指南针的大幅移动不会改变蜜蜂在首次释放后飞行中发现错误后进行的返航飞行的准确性或速度。这一结果排除了以太阳为参照的家乡向量假说，进一步强化了目前关于蜜蜂度量认知图的广泛证据。
Mammals navigate by means of a metric cognitive map. Insects, most notably bees and ants, are also impressive navigators. The question whether they, too, have a metric cognitive map is important to cognitive science and neuroscience. Experimentally captured and displaced bees often depart from the release site in the compass direction they were bent on before their capture, even though this no longer heads them toward their goal. When they discover their error, however, the bees set off more or less directly toward their goal. This ability to orient toward a goal from an arbitrary point in the familiar environment is evidence that they have an integrated metric map of the experienced environment. We report a test of an alternative hypothesis, which is that all the bees have in memory is a collection of snapshots that enable them to recognize different landmarks and, associated with each such snapshot, a sun-compass-referenced home vector derived from dead reckoning done before and after previous visits to the landmark. We show that a large shift in the sun-compass rapidly induced by general anesthesia does not alter the accuracy or speed of the homeward-oriented flight made after the bees discover the error in their initial postrelease flight. This result rules out the sun-referenced home-vector hypothesis, further strengthening the now extensive evidence for a metric cognitive map in bees.