Great apes’ understanding of biomechanics: eye-tracking experiments using three-dimensional computer-generated animations
Great apes’ understanding of biomechanics: eye-tracking experiments using three-dimensional computer-generated animations
复制标题
类人猿对生物力学的理解：使用三维计算机生成的动画进行眼球追踪实验
DOI：
10.1007/s10329-021-00932-8
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Hirata Satoshi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sato Yutaro;Kitazaki Michiteru;Itakura Shoji;Morita Tomoyo;Sakuraba Yoko;Tomonaga Masaki;Hirata Satoshi
对其他动物身体运动的视觉处理对于适应性动物行为很重要。众所周知，动物可以区分关节动物运动，即使它们只是由光点表示，从而仅保留有关生物运动的信息。然而，非人类类人猿理解影响每个运动身体部位的潜在结构和生理限制的程度，即，生物力学，目前还不清楚。为了解决这个问题，我们研究了倭黑猩猩（潘paniscus）和黑猩猩（潘troglodytes）的生物力学的理解，在人类（智人）之前的研究。猿类在观看三维计算机生成（CG）动画时进行了眼动追踪，这些动画是由人类、机器人或非人类猿类执行的生物力学上可能或不可能的肘部运动。总的来说，猿类的目光并不能区分肘部可能的运动和不可能的运动。然而，一些猿类在观察不可能的机器人动作时会更长时间地观察肘部，这表明它们可能具有生物力学知识，并且这种知识可以扩展到一种新的代理。这些混杂的结果使得我们很难就猿类对生物力学的理解程度得出一个明确的结论。我们讨论了一些方法的特点，可能是负责的结果，以及对未来的非人类动物研究涉及的CG动画或测量的凝视行为的介绍的影响。
Visual processing of the body movements of other animals is important for adaptive animal behaviors. It is widely known that animals can distinguish articulated animal movements even when they are just represented by points of light such that only information about biological motion is retained. However, the extent to which nonhuman great apes comprehend the underlying structural and physiological constraints affecting each moving body part, i.e., biomechanics, is still unclear. To address this, we examined the understanding of biomechanics in bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), following a previous study on humans (Homo sapiens). Apes underwent eye tracking while viewing three-dimensional computer-generated (CG) animations of biomechanically possible or impossible elbow movements performed by a human, robot, or nonhuman ape. Overall, apes did not differentiate their gaze between possible and impossible movements of elbows. However, some apes looked at elbows for longer when viewing impossible vs. possible robot movements, which indicates that they may have had knowledge of biomechanics and that this knowledge could be extended to a novel agent. These mixed results make it difficult to draw a firm conclusion regarding the extent to which apes understand biomechanics. We discuss some methodological features that may be responsible for the results, as well as implications for future nonhuman animal studies involving the presentation of CG animations or measurement of gaze behaviors.