Design and properties of 3D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Design and properties of 3D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
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DOI：
10.1016/j.actbio.2016.06.032
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发表时间：
2016-09-15
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
Fernandez, E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gomez, S.;Vlad, M. D.;Fernandez, E.
在这项研究中，Voronoi镶嵌法被用于设计新型骨样三维（3D）多孔支架。利用计算机设计软件对Voronoi方法进行处理，得到三维虚拟各向异性多孔互联模型，该模型与骨小梁的主要组织形态学指标（骨小梁厚度、骨小梁间距、骨小梁数、骨体积与总体积比、骨面与骨体积比等）精确匹配。这些骨样模型已被进一步计算力学（弹性模量）和流体质量传输（渗透性）特性。结果表明，支架的最终性能可以在其微观结构和组织形态的初始设计阶段进行控制。研究还表明，在设计阶段，最终的性能可以调整，以完全匹配天然骨小梁。此外，相同的总孔隙率模型可以设计成具有完全不同的骨表面积，因此，这种特定的微观结构特征可以用于促进细胞粘附、迁移，并最终促进新骨的附着（即骨传导）。一旦虚拟模型被充分表征和优化，这些模型可以很容易地通过增材制造和/或立体印刷技术进行3D打印。这篇文章的意义远远超出了它所关注的具体目标。事实上，它以一种引导的方式展示了可以遵循设计渐变多孔植入物的整个新过程，无论其外部形状和几何形状如何，但内部调整到与自然人体组织微观结构相匹配所需的精确组织形态测量指数，从而确定其机械和流体特性等。如今，由于新的计算和设计软件很容易与3D打印新技术联系起来，这一意义变得更加重要。正是这种横向性，在不同学科的前沿，使本文具有高度的科学影响和广泛受众的兴趣。(C) 2016材料学报Elsevier Ltd.出版。版权所有。
In this study, the Voronoi tessellation method has been used to design novel bone like three dimension (3D) porous scaffolds. The Voronoi method has been processed with computer design software to obtain 3D virtual isotropic porous interconnected models, exactly matching the main histomorphometric indices of trabecular bone (trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, trabecular number, bone volume to total volume ratio, bone surface to bone volume ratio, etc.). These bone like models have been further computed for mechanical (elastic modulus) and fluid mass transport (permeability) properties. The results show that the final properties of the scaffolds can be controlled during their microstructure and histomorphometric initial design stage. It is also shown that final properties can be tuned during the design stage to exactly match those of trabecular natural bone. Moreover, identical total porosity models can be designed with quite different specific bone surface area and thus, this specific microstructural feature can be used to favour cell adhesion, migration and, ultimately, new bone apposition (i.e. osteoconduction). Once the virtual models are fully characterized and optimized, these can be easily 3D printed by additive manufacturing and/or stereolitography technologies.Statement of SignificanceThe significance of this article goes far beyond the specific objectives on which it is focussed. In fact, it shows, in a guided way, the entire novel process that can be followed to design graded porous implants, whatever its external shape and geometry, but internally tuned to the exact histomorphometric indices needed to match natural human tissues microstructures and, consequently, their mechanical and fluid properties, among others.The significance is even more relevant nowadays thanks to the available new computing and design software that is easily linked to the 3D printing new technologies. It is this transversality, at the frontier of different disciplines, the main characteristic that gives this article a high scientific impact and interest to a broaden audience. (C) 2016 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.