Molecular conservation and novelties in vertebrate ear development.
Molecular conservation and novelties in vertebrate ear development.
复制标题
脊椎动物耳朵发育中的分子保护和新颖性。
DOI：
10.1016/s0070-2153(03)57001-6
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Beisel,KW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fritzsch,B;Beisel,KW
进化将脊椎动物的耳朵塑造成复杂的三维结构，并定位感觉上皮，以便它们能够提取机械刺激的特定方面来控制整个生物体的前庭和听觉相关反应。该信息通过特定的神经元连接从耳朵传导到后脑的不同区域以进行适当的处理。在发育过程中，耳基板（一层简单的表皮细胞）转变为复杂的导管和隐窝系统。该基板还产生机电传感器、毛细胞以及耳朵前庭和耳蜗（螺旋）神经节的感觉神经元。我们认为，耳朵的发育可以分解为动态过程，使用许多已知和未知的基因以交互方式控制三维迷宫的形成。嵌入在这个过程中但在很大程度上独立于它的是一个进化保守的过程，它诱导耳朵的神经感觉部分的早期发育。我们提供的分子数据表明，后一个过程在其基本方面与整个门的机械感觉细胞形成有关，并且在分子水平上极其保守。我们认为感觉神经元的发育和维持是脊椎动物或可能是脊索动物的新奇事物，并提供分子数据来支持这一观点。
Evolution shaped the vertebrate ear into a complicated three-dimensional structure and positioned the sensory epithelia so that they can extract specific aspects of mechanical stimuli to govern vestibular and hearing-related responses of the whole organism. This information is conducted from the ear via specific neuronal connections to distinct areas of the hindbrain for proper processing. During development, the otic placode, a simple sheet of epidermal cells, transforms into a complicated system of ducts and recesses. This placode also generates the mechanoelectrical transducers, the hair cells, and sensory neurons of the vestibular and cochlear (spiral) ganglia of the ear. We argue that ear development can be broken down into dynamic processes that use a number of known and unknown genes to govern the formation of the three-dimensional labyrinth in an interactive fashion. Embedded in this process, but in large part independent of it, is an evolutionary conserved process that induces early the development of the neurosensory component of the ear. We present molecular data suggesting that this later process is, in its basic aspects, related to the mechanosensory cell formation across phyla and is extremely conserved at the molecular level. We suggest that sensory neuron development and maintenance are vertebrate or possibly chordate novelties and present the molecular data to support this notion.