Integrating biological, behavioral, and social levels of analysis in early child development: Progress, problems, and prospects
Integrating biological, behavioral, and social levels of analysis in early child development: Progress, problems, and prospects
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DOI：
10.1111/1467-8624.00590
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发表时间：
2003-07-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Kivlighan, KT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Granger, DA;Kivlighan, KT
整合非侵入性的，生物措施的行为研究有所增加，但生物行为的研究结果与发展成果的解释很少是直截了当的。这篇评论强调了需要具体的，理论推导的假设，多种措施的行为和生物过程，旨在解释个体内变化的个体间差异的分析策略。在这里建议，下一阶段的生物社会研究需要超越描述和发展的中级理论，这将使研究人员能够指定，测试和完善假设的生物行为过程如何与社会背景因素相互作用，影响发展。这些中级生物社会模型将是必要的，以确定是否儿童肾上腺皮质活动的个体差异赋予风险或弹性，因为早期或累积暴露于非父母照顾。
Integration of noninvasive, biological measures into behavioral research has increased, but the interpretation of biobehavioral findings in relation to developmental outcomes is rarely straightforward. This commentary highlights the need for specific, theoretically derived hypotheses, multiple measures of behavioral and biological processes, and analytical strategies aimed at explaining interindividual differences in intraindividual change. It is suggested here that the next phase of biosocial research needs to move beyond description and toward development of mid-level theories that will enable researchers to specify, test, and refine hypotheses of how biobehavioral processes interact with social-contextual factors to influence development. These mid-level biosocial models will be necessary to determine whether individual differences in children's adrenocortical activity confer risk or resilience because of early or cumulative exposure to nonparental care.