Temporal changes in T cell subsets and expansion of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in the lungs in severe COVID-19.

Temporal changes in T cell subsets and expansion of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in the lungs in severe COVID-19.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.clim.2022.108991
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发表时间:
2022-04
期刊:
Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Pillai S
Pillai S
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kaneko N;Boucau J;Kuo HH;Perugino C;Mahajan VS;Farmer JR;Liu H;Diefenbach TJ;Piechocka-Trocha A;Lefteri K;Waring MT;Premo KR;Walker BD;Li JZ;Gaiha G;Yu XG;Lichterfeld M;Padera RF Jr;Pillai S

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Many studies have been performed in severe COVID-19 on immune cells in the circulation and on cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. Most studies have tended to provide relative information rather than a quantitative view, and it is a combination of approaches by various groups that is helping the field build a picture of the mechanisms that drive severe lung disease. Approaches employed to date have not revealed information on lung parenchymal T cell subsets in severe COVID-19. Therefore, we sought to examine early and late T cell subset alterations in the lungs and draining lymph nodes in severe COVID-19 using a rapid autopsy protocol and quantitative imaging approaches. Here, we have established that cytotoxic CD4+ T cells (CD4 + CTLs) increase in the lungs, draining lymph nodes and blood as COVID-19 progresses. CD4 + CTLs are prominently expanded in the lung parenchyma in severe COVID-19. In contrast CD8+ T cells are not prominent, exhibit increased PD-1 expression, and no obvious increase is seen in the number of Granzyme B+ CD8+ T cells in the lung parenchyma in severe COVID-19. Based on quantitative evidence for re-activation in the lung milieu, CD4 + CTLs may be as likely to drive viral clearance as CD8+ T cells and may also be contributors to lung inflammation and eventually to fibrosis in severe COVID-19.
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