Developmental differences in working memory: Where do they come from?
Developmental differences in working memory: Where do they come from?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jecp.2011.05.004
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Camos, Valerie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gaillard, Vinciane;Barrouillet, Pierre;Camos, Valerie
一些模型认为，工作记忆的发展取决于与年龄相关的处理效率和速度的增长。然而，与年龄相关的抵消遗忘和恢复记忆痕迹的机制效率的提高可能也很重要。这一假设在三个实验中得到了验证，分别是通过控制工作记忆任务的处理时间和恢复记忆痕迹的可用时间。三年级和六年级的孩子完成了一个复杂的跨度任务，在这个任务中，他们保持了一系列的字母，同时把数字加到一系列的数字上。当我们将不同年龄之间的加工和恢复时间等同起来时，工作记忆广度的发展差异有所缩小，但仍然显著。然而，当重新激活记忆痕迹的可用时间根据每个年龄组的处理速度进行调整时，这种残余差异就被消除了。这表明儿童采用积极的机制来维持和恢复随着年龄增长而发展的记忆痕迹。(C) 2011爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
Several models assume that working memory development depends on age-related increases in efficiency and speed of processing. However, age-related increases in the efficiency of the mechanisms that counteract forgetting and restore memory traces may also be important. This hypothesis was tested in three experiments by manipulating both the processing duration within a working memory task and the time available to restore memory traces. Third- and sixth-grade children performed a complex span task in which they maintained series of letters while adding numbers to series of digits. When we equated processing and restoration times between ages, the developmental difference in working memory span was reduced but remained significant. However, this residual difference was eliminated when the time available to reactivate memory traces was tailored to the processing speed of each age group. This indicates that children employ active mechanisms for maintenance and restoration of memory traces that develop with age. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.