Model for the eruption of the Old Faithful geyser, Yellowstone National Park
Model for the eruption of the Old Faithful geyser, Yellowstone National Park
复制标题
黄石国家公园老忠实间歇泉喷发模型
作者：
K. O'Hara;E. Esawi
老忠实间歇泉的物理模型成功地复制了 2000 年至 2011 年的喷发间隔。它基于管道中三个阶段的对流沸腾，该模型与已发布的时间-温度深度数据非常吻合。触发主喷发的预演阶段呈现出众数为9分钟的瑞利概率密度函数，对于确定主喷发间隔起着至关重要的作用。假设由于对流而导致温度梯度很小，并且可以为各个对流单元分配单一的热含量。根据之前的观察和钻孔测量，假设底部加热和补给温度分别为 110 °C 和 80 °C，圆柱形管道的总体积为 23 m。短喷发间隔和长喷发间隔的处方是喷发间隔=（上层沸腾的时间）+（预演时间）。复合模型再现了双峰喷发模式，其中长喷发持续时间之后是长喷发间隔，短喷发持续时间之后是短喷发间隔。喷发持续时间短的原因尚未得到解决，也仍未得到解决。
A physical model of the Old Faithful geyser successfully replicates the eruption interval for the years 2000–2011. It is based on convective boiling in the conduit in three stages, and the model is in good agreement with published time-temperature-depth data. The preplay phase, which triggers the main eruption, displays a Rayleigh probability density function with a mode at nine minutes, and it plays an essential role in determining the main eruption interval. It is assumed that temperature gradients are small due to convection, and individual convection cells can be assigned a single heat content. Based on previous observations and drill-hole measurements, the bottom heating and recharge temperatures are assumed to be 110 °C and 80 °C, respectively, and the total volume of the cylindrical conduit is 23 m. A prescription for both short and long eruption intervals is eruption interval = (time to boiling of upper stage) + (preplay time). A composite model reproduces the bimodal eruption pattern in which long eruption durations are followed by long eruption intervals and short eruption durations are followed by short eruption intervals. The cause of short eruption durations is not addressed and remains unresolved.