Free energy, precision and learning: the role of cholinergic neuromodulation.
Free energy, precision and learning: the role of cholinergic neuromodulation.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.4255-12.2013
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发表时间：
2013-05-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Friston KJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Moran RJ;Campo P;Symmonds M;Stephan KE;Dolan RJ;Friston KJ
乙酰胆碱 (ACh) 是一种神经调节递质，与不确定性下的感知和学习有关。这项研究将计算模拟和人类药物脑电图相结合，测试基于自由能原理的感知推理公式。该配方表明乙酰胆碱通过优化颗粒上锥体细胞的增益来增强皮质层次结构中自下而上的突触传递的精度。失配负范式的模拟预测，通过胆碱能神经调节，诱发的感觉预测误差（PE）反应会被快速逐次试验抑制。我们通过胆碱酯酶抑制的安慰剂对照研究凭经验证实了这一预测。此外，使用动态因果模型，我们发现药物引起的 PE 反应差异可以通过初级感觉皮层颗粒上锥体细胞的增益调节来解释。这表明，当刺激可预测时，乙酰胆碱通过增强自下而上的信号传导来适应性地提高感觉精度，使大脑能够在不同程度的环境不确定性下做出最佳反应。
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neuromodulatory transmitter implicated in perception and learning under uncertainty. This study combined computational simulations and pharmaco-electroencephalography in humans, to test a formulation of perceptual inference based upon the free energy principle. This formulation suggests that acetylcholine enhances the precision of bottom-up synaptic transmission in cortical hierarchies by optimising the gain of supragranular pyramidal cells. Simulations of a mismatch negativity paradigm predicted a rapid trial-by-trial suppression of evoked sensory prediction error (PE) responses that is attenuated by cholinergic neuromodulation. We confirmed this prediction empirically with a placebo-controlled study of cholinesterase inhibition. Furthermore – using dynamic causal modelling – we found that drug-induced differences in PE responses could be explained by gain modulation in supragranular pyramidal cells in primary sensory cortex. This suggests that acetylcholine adaptively enhances sensory precision by boosting bottom-up signalling when stimuli are predictable, enabling the brain to respond optimally under different levels of environmental uncertainty.