Different reactions of central and marginal provenances of Fagus sylvatica to experimental drought
Different reactions of central and marginal provenances of Fagus sylvatica to experimental drought
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DOI：
10.1007/s10342-013-0750-x
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发表时间：
2014-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
D. Thiel;J. Kreyling;Sabrina Backhaus;C. Beierkuhnlein;C. Buhk;Kolja Egen;G. Huber;M. Konnert;L. Nagy;A. Jentsch
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作者：
D. Thiel;J. Kreyling;Sabrina Backhaus;C. Beierkuhnlein;C. Buhk;Kolja Egen;G. Huber;M. Konnert;L. Nagy;A. Jentsch
由于全球变暖，预计极端气候的频率和规模将增加，威胁到森林生态系统的功能、服务和产品。在整个欧洲，在生态和经济上都很重要的树种fagus sylvaticaa预计会在这种情况下遭受特别的损失。从干燥和温暖的气候地区引进种源是使山毛榉森林生态系统适应气候变化这些不利影响的一种选择。来自干旱易发的南部和东北部边缘的边缘种群成为寻找适合中欧落叶林的候选物种的焦点。在这里，我们测试了三个边缘种源（西班牙，保加利亚和波兰）和三个来自分布范围中心的种源（德国）在两种不同土壤类型（沙土，壤土）中对干旱的反应，这是在德国朗道进行的全因子普通花园试验。干旱对所有生长参数均有负影响（叶片损伤+ 22%（个百分点），高度- 40%，直径增加- 41%），砂质基质加剧了这种影响。然而，种源对干旱和土壤类型的响应不同。发现了当地适应夏季干旱的证据，特别是在死亡率方面。与波兰种源（- 48%）或最敏感的德国种源（- 57%）相比，保加利亚种源和西班牙种源在干旱条件下表现稳定（BG - 27%, ES - 32%），但保加利亚种源的总增量水平较低。这可能表明耐旱性和生长之间的权衡。因此，只关注抗旱边缘种源似乎是无益的，因为它们可能对其他气候因素（如霜冻）的适应能力也较差。然而，与当地的中欧种源混合，这些可能在未来容易干旱的森林林分中起到功能性保险的作用。
Climate extremes are expected to increase in frequency and magnitude as a consequence of global warming, threatening the functioning, services and goods of forest ecosystems. Across Europe, the ecologically and economically important tree speciesFagus sylvaticais expected to suffer particularly under such conditions. The regional introduction of provenances from drier and warmer climates is one option to adapt beech forest ecosystems to these adverse effects of climate change. Marginal populations from the drought-prone southern and north-eastern edges of the species’ distribution come into focus in search of suitable candidates for Central European deciduous forests. Here, we test three marginal provenances (Spain, Bulgaria and Poland) and three provenances from the centre of the distribution range (Germany) for their response to drought in two different soil types (sand, loam) in a full factorial common garden experiment in Landau, Germany. Drought impacted all growth parameters negatively (leaf damage +22 % (percentage points), height −40 % and diameter increment −41 %), and the sandy substrate exacerbated this effect. However, provenances differed in their response to drought and soil type. Evidence for a local adaptation to summer drought was detected, especially in terms of mortality rates. The Bulgarian and Spanish provenance showed a stable performance under drought conditions (BG −27 % in diameter increment; ES −32 %), compared to the Polish (−48 %) or the most sensitive German provenances (−57 %), yet for Bulgaria on a low level of total increment. This may indicate a trade-off between drought tolerance and growth. Therefore, a sole focus on drought-resistant marginal provenances seems to not be conducive, as they might be less adapted to other climatic factors, e.g. frost, as well. However, intermixed with local Central European provenances, these may act as functional insurance in future drought-prone forest stands.