Peptidoglycan.
Peptidoglycan.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-18768-2_5
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Pazos;K. Peters
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Pazos;K. Peters
肽多糖球囊是一种网状聚合物，包裹在大多数细菌的细胞膜周围。保持细菌细胞的形状和防止肿胀是必不可少的。肽聚糖有一个所有细菌共有的基本组成，具有物种特有的变异，可以改变其生物物理性质或细菌的致病性。肽聚糖的合成始于细胞质，前体类脂II翻转穿过细胞膜。通过肽聚糖合成酶和水解酶的协调活动，合成新的肽聚糖链，并将其结合到先前存在的球囊中。在模式生物大肠杆菌中，有两个复合体需要伸长和分裂。它们中的每一个都受到来自细胞质和周质两端的不同蛋白质的调节，以确保新的肽聚糖的良好协调合成。
The peptidoglycan sacculus is a net-like polymer that surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane in most bacteria. It is essential to maintain the bacterial cell shape and protect from turgor. The peptidoglycan has a basic composition, common to all bacteria, with species-specific variations that can modify its biophysical properties or the pathogenicity of the bacteria. The synthesis of peptidoglycan starts in the cytoplasm and the precursor lipid II is flipped across the cytoplasmic membrane. The new peptidoglycan strands are synthesised and incorporated into the pre-existing sacculus by the coordinated activities of peptidoglycan synthases and hydrolases. In the model organismEscherichia colithere are two complexes required for the elongation and division. Each of them is regulated by different proteins from both the cytoplasmic and periplasmic sides that ensure the well-coordinated synthesis of new peptidoglycan.