Probing site-resolved correlations in a spin system of ultracold molecules
Probing site-resolved correlations in a spin system of ultracold molecules
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-022-05558-4
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发表时间：
2022-07
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Lysander Christakis;J. Rosenberg;Ravin Raj;Sung-Shui Chi;A. Morningstar;D. Huse;Zoe Z. Yan;W. Bakr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lysander Christakis;J. Rosenberg;Ravin Raj;Sung-Shui Chi;A. Morningstar;D. Huse;Zoe Z. Yan;W. Bakr
具有相互作用组分的合成量子系统在量子信息处理和解释多体物理中的基本现象方面发挥着重要作用。在冷却和捕获技术取得令人印象深刻的进展之后，超冷极性分子的集合体已经成为一种有前途的平台，它结合了几种有利的性质，-。这些包括一个大的内部状态与长的相干时间，-和长程，各向异性的相互作用。这些特征可以使相关量子物质的有趣阶段的探索，如拓扑超流体，量子自旋液体，分数陈省身绝缘体和量子磁体。探索这些阶段的相关性对于理解它们的性质至关重要，因此需要开发新的实验技术。在这里，我们使用量子气体显微镜来测量量子相关性的polar 23 Na 87 Rb分子局限在一个二维光学晶格的现场分辨动力学。利用分子的两个转动态，我们实现了一个自旋为1/2且粒子间存在偶极相互作用的系统，得到了一个量子自旋交换模型。我们研究了空间各向同性和各向异性相互作用下非平衡自旋系统热化过程中关联的演化。此外，我们研究了自旋各向异性海森堡模型的相关动力学工程从本地自旋交换模型，通过使用周期性的微波脉冲，-。这些实验推动了探测和控制超冷分子相互作用系统的前沿，具有探索量子物质新机制和表征对量子计算和计量学有用的纠缠态的前景。
Synthetic quantum systems with interacting constituents play an important role in quantum information processing and in explaining fundamental phenomena in many-body physics. Following impressive advances in cooling and trapping techniques, ensembles of ultracold polar molecules have emerged as a promising platform that combines several advantageous properties, , , , , , , , , –. These include a large set of internal states with long coherence times, , , , –and long-range, anisotropic interactions. These features could enable the exploration of intriguing phases of correlated quantum matter, such as topological superfluids, quantum spin liquids, fractional Chern insulators and quantum magnets,. Probing correlations in these phases is crucial to understanding their properties, necessitating the development of new experimental techniques. Here we use quantum gas microscopy to measure the site-resolved dynamics of quantum correlations of polar23Na87Rb molecules confined in a two-dimensional optical lattice. By using two rotational states of the molecules, we realize a spin-1/2 system with dipolar interactions between particles, producing a quantum spin-exchange model,,,. We study the evolution of correlations during the thermalization process of an out-of-equilibrium spin system for both spatially isotropic and anisotropic interactions. Furthermore, we examine the correlation dynamics of a spin-anisotropic Heisenberg model engineered from the native spin-exchange model by using periodic microwave pulses, –. These experiments push the frontier of probing and controlling interacting systems of ultracold molecules, with prospects for exploring new regimes of quantum matter and characterizing entangled states that are useful for quantum computation,and metrology.