Plant resistance to cold stress: Mechanisms and environmental signals triggering frost hardening and dehardening
Plant resistance to cold stress: Mechanisms and environmental signals triggering frost hardening and dehardening
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02712118
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发表时间：
2004-12-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Hansen, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beck, EH;Heim, R;Hansen, J
这一介绍性概述表明，寒冷，特别是霜冻，强调植物在多方面的反应，是有害的或适应性，必须被视为一种综合征，而不是一个单一的反应。在一年中，温带气候区的多年生植物在秋季经历霜冻硬化，在春季经历去硬化。以欧洲赤松（Pinus sylvestris L.）作为模型植物，分别研究了引起霜硬化和去硬化的环境信号。超过2年的变化，耐霜冻的苏格兰松针一起记录的年度课程的日长和环境温度。两者都作为环境信号用于霜硬化和去硬化。气候室试验表明，短日照作为触发霜冻硬化的信号可以被远红光照射所取代，而红光抑制硬化。光敏色素作为信号受体的参与可以通过各自的夜间休息实验来证实。更快的霜冻硬化比短日照或远红处理，实现了通过应用一个短的时间（6小时）的轻度霜冻，不超过植物的抗寒性。这两种类型的信号是独立有效的，但霜硬化率是不可加性的。最大硬化速率为每天-0.93摄氏度，并且实现了< -72摄氏度的抗冻性。对于去硬化，温度是比日照长度更有效的信号。
This introductory overview shows that cold, in particular frost, stresses a plant in manifold ways and that the plant's response, being injurious or adaptive, must be considered a syndrome rather than a single reaction. In the course of the year perennial plants of the temperate climate zones undergo frost hardening in autumn and dehardening in spring. Using Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as a model plant the environmental signals inducing frost hardening and dehardening, respectively, were investigated. Over 2 years the changes in frost resistance of Scots pine needles were recorded together with the annual courses of day-length and ambient temperature. Both act as environmental signals for frost hardening and dehardening. Climate chamber experiments showed that short day-length as a signal triggering frost hardening could be replaced by irradiation with far red light, while red light inhibited hardening. The involvement of phytochrome as a signal receptor could be corroborated by respective night-break experiments. More rapid frost hardening than by short day or far red treatment was achieved by applying a short period (6 h) of mild frost which did not exceed the plant's cold resistance. Both types of signals were independently effective but the rates of frost hardening were not additive. The maximal rate of hardening was -0.93 degrees C per day and frost tolerance of < -72 degrees C was achieved. For dehardening, temperature was an even more effective signal than day-length.