Approaches for improving the sustainability of conjugated polymer synthesis using direct arylation polymerization (DArP)
Approaches for improving the sustainability of conjugated polymer synthesis using direct arylation polymerization (DArP)
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DOI：
10.1039/c9py01534e
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发表时间：
2020-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
R. Pankow;B. Thompson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Pankow;B. Thompson
直接芳基化聚合(DARP)为Stille-Migita或Suzuki-Miyura聚合等传统的共轭聚合物合成提供了一种更可持续的替代方法。DARP通过C-H活化途径进行，从而减少了获得单体所需的合成步骤，因为不需要安装跨金属试剂，如有机锡烷或有机硼。然而，与小分子合成相比，DARP所采用的普遍条件仍然需要危险或不可持续的反应成分，如溶剂和过渡金属催化剂。本文重点介绍了DARP在可持续溶剂、过渡金属催化剂和整体聚合方法方面的最新研究进展。还讨论了小分子直接芳基化条件向聚合物合成的扩展，以及相关的挑战、机理考虑和对未来工作的展望。
Direct arylation polymerization (DArP) provides a more sustainable alternative to conventional methods for conjugated polymer synthesis, such as Stille–Migita or Suzuki–Miyura polymerizations. DArP proceeds through a C–H activation pathway, allowing for a reduction in the synthetic steps needed to access the monomer, since the installation of a transmetallating reagent, such as an organostannane or organoboron, is not required. However, compared to small-molecule synthesis, the prevalent conditions employed for DArP still require hazardous or unsustainably sourced reaction components, such as the solvent and transition-metal catalyst. This mini-review highlights recent work on the implementation of sustainable solvents, transition metal catalysts, and overall polymerization methods for DArP. The extension of small-molecule direct arylation conditions towards polymer synthesis is also discussed, along with the associated challenges, mechanistic considerations, and outlook for future work.