Mechanical function of the skin: state of the art.
Mechanical function of the skin: state of the art.
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皮肤的机械功能：最先进的。
DOI：
10.1159/000060577
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Clarys
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Barel;R. Lambrecht;P. Clarys
人体皮肤的体内机械性能已被广泛研究[1-3]。皮肤是一个复杂的五层结构器官[4]，它与许多其他生物材料一样，以称为粘弹性的组合方式呈现弹性固体和各种液体的典型特性[1-3]。粘弹性材料的典型力学特性是具有滞后的非线性应力-应变特性（加载时获得的应力-应变曲线不会与卸载时获得的曲线重叠;图1）。此外，皮肤的变形作为时间的函数显示出立即的不完全弹性变形和蠕变粘弹性变形，随后是立即的弹性恢复和蠕变恢复，总是有残余变形（图2）。皮肤的机械性能已经通过使用拉伸、扭转、压痕和抽吸的许多方法进行了非侵入性研究[1]。许多实验仪器和设备已在研究实验室中开发，以测量皮肤垂直于皮肤表面的特性[3]。目前，只有两种使用抽吸方法的器械可在市场上买到：来自Cortex Technology，丹麦的Dermaflex Aktronix和来自Courage Khazaka Electronic，德国的Cutometer SEM 474（最近被SEM 575版本取代）。
The in vivo mechanical properties of the human skin have been studied extensively [1–3]. The skin is a complex five-layered structure organ [4], which as many other biological materials presents the typical properties of elastic solids and various liquids in a combined way known as viscoelastic properties [1–3]. Typical mechanical properties of viscoelastic material are nonlinear stress-strain properties with hysteresis (the stress-strain curve obtained during loading will not be superposed by the curve obtained during unloading; fig. 1). Furthermore the deformation of skin as a function of time shows an immediate incomplete elastic deformation and a creeping viscoelastic deformation followed by an immediate elastic recovery and a creeping recovery with always a residual deformation (fig. 2).Mechanical properties of the skin have been studied noninvasively by a number of methods using stretching, torsion, indentation and suction [1]. Many experimental instruments and devices have been developed in research laboratories in order to measure the properties of the skin perpendicularly to the skin surface [3]. Only two instruments using the suction method are commercially available at the present time: the Dermaflex AÔ from Cortex Technology, Denmark, and the Cutometer SEM 474Ô (more recently replaced by the SEM 575Ô version) of Courage Khazaka Electronic, Germany.