Common milkweed seeds exhibit latitudinal clines more consistent with adaptation to growing season length than temperature
Common milkweed seeds exhibit latitudinal clines more consistent with adaptation to growing season length than temperature
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普通马利筋种子表现出的纬度梯度比温度更符合生长季节长度的适应
DOI：
10.1111/rec.13878
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Marella, Heather
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mohl, Emily K.;McCall, Andrew C.;Wood, Madelyn;Sherman, Lauren;Reid, Mari V.;Saunders, Patricia A.;Scanga, Sara E.;Danielson, Clara;Fisher‐Reid, M. Caitlin;Marella, Heather
自20世纪90年代以来，越冬君主(Danaus Plexippus)的数量一直在下降。作为回应，恢复马利筋，包括马利筋(Asclepias Syriaca)，这是它们繁殖地的重要寄主植物，已经变得越来越普遍。然而，马利筋种群的纬度差异表明，区域适应的可能性和种子种源影响恢复成功的可能性。使用来自OFA范围内20个种群的种子。在叙利亚，我们测试了温室中的种子质量、发芽成功率和发芽时间是否显示出与其他研究提供的该物种的证据一致的地理倾斜。此外，我们通过在模拟明尼苏达州和肯塔基州春季温度的生长室中种植来自10个种群的种子，测试了与春季高温条件适应一致的萌发特征模式。即使在考虑种子质量后，来自高纬度地区的种子在所有条件下平均萌发速度也更快。温度升高加快了发芽时间和叶片发育时间；然而，我们没有检测到叶片发育时间的地理模式，这表明发芽时间中纬向倾斜的过程可能是发芽阶段所独有的。在热适应研究中，高纬度种群产生了更大的种子和萌发率更高的种子；然而，在地理斜坡研究中，没有观察到这两个纬度趋势，尽管个体种子质量预测了萌发成功。高纬度种群在每种环境中都表现出更有利的萌发特性，这可能是由于休眠减少所致。因此，我们得出结论，纬向倾斜对生长季节长度的适应比对春季温度的适应更一致。
Overwintering monarch (Danaus plexippus) populations have declined since the 1990s. In response, restoration of milkweeds, includingAsclepias syriaca(common milkweed), an important host plant in their breeding grounds, has become increasingly common. However, latitudinal variation in milkweed populations suggests the possibility of regional adaptation and the potential for seed provenance to affect restoration success. Using seeds from 20 populations throughout the range ofA. syriaca, we tested whether seed mass, germination success, and germination time in the greenhouse demonstrate geographic clines consistent with available evidence for this species from other studies. In addition, we tested for patterns in germination traits consistent with adaptation to spring thermal conditions by planting seeds from 10 populations in growth chambers simulating Minnesota and Kentucky spring temperatures. Even after accounting for seed mass, seeds from higher latitudes germinated faster on average under all conditions. Elevated temperatures accelerated germination time and leaf development time; however, we did not detect geographic patterns in leaf development time, indicating that the processes underlying the latitudinal cline in germination time may be unique to the germination stage. In the thermal adaptation study, high‐latitude populations produced larger seeds and seeds that germinated at a higher rate; however, neither latitudinal trend was observed in the geographic clines study, even though individual seed mass predicted germination success. High‐latitude populations express more favorable germination traits in every setting measured, perhaps due to reduced dormancy. Consequently, we conclude that latitudinal clines are more consistent with adaptation to growing season length than to spring temperatures.
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