Variable use of polyadic grooming and its effect on access to social partners in wild chimpanzees and bonobos
Variable use of polyadic grooming and its effect on access to social partners in wild chimpanzees and bonobos
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.08.021
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发表时间：
2020-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Wittig, Roman M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Girard-Buttoz, Cedric;Surbeck, Martin;Wittig, Roman M.
在哺乳动物中，异体修饰在形成和维持社会和合作关系方面发挥着重要作用。然而，动物的社交时间是有限的，这可能会限制它接触到大量的伴侣。邓巴(1993，Behavial and Brain Science，16(4)，681-694)提出，人类的多元对话允许同时接触到几个社会伙伴，它演变为一种社交修养形式，以绕过这一时间限制。在非人类灵长类动物中，多元修饰(PG)与二元修饰相比，可能同样是一种与许多伴侣保持弱社会关系的节省时间的方式，这对群体层面的合作可能是重要的。目前尚不清楚PG是否通过接触众多联系薄弱的伙伴和增加每单位时间接触的伙伴数量来满足具体的合作需求。我们比较了黑猩猩和黑猩猩之间PG的使用和效果，前者具有高度的地域性和协作性(尤其是雄性)，后者的地域性和协作性较低，雌性是其主要合作者。我们在野外的一个矮黑猩猩和两个黑猩猩群落中进行了焦点梳理观察。正如预测的那样，黑猩猩比矮黑猩猩参与了更多的PG。令人惊讶的是，在这两个物种中，雄性比雌性更多地参与PG。虽然黑猩猩每分钟在梳理毛发时能接触到的伴侣比矮黑猩猩多，但PG每分钟接触到的伴侣数量只在黑猩猩身上有所增加。最后，黑猩猩主要与等级相近、经常打扮的伙伴一起使用PG，而矮黑猩猩则与等级相距较远、亲密的派对伙伴和经常打扮的伙伴使用PG。我们建议雄性矮黑猩猩使用PG来增强同种的社会容忍度和配偶选择。黑猩猩PG的总体发生率较高，这表明群体间的竞争可能促进了多元从属关系，这可能加强了群体的凝聚力和协调性。(C)2020作者。由爱思唯尔有限公司代表动物行为研究协会出版。
In mammals, allogrooming is prominent in forming and maintaining social and cooperative relationships. Yet an animal's social time is constrained, which may limit its access to a large number of partners. Dunbar (1993, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 16 (4), 681-694) proposed that human polyadic conversations, which allow access to several social partners simultaneously, evolved as a form of social grooming to circumvent this time constraint. In nonhuman primates, polyadic grooming (PG), in contrast to dyadic grooming, may similarly be a time-efficient way to maintain weak social relationships with many partners which can be important for group level cooperation. It remains unknown whether PG is used to fulfil specific cooperative needs by accessing numerous weakly bonded partners and increasing the number of partners accessed per unit of time. We compared the use and effect of PG between chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, which are highly territorial and collaborative (especially males), and bonobos, Pan paniscus, which are less territorial and collaborative and in which females are the main cooperators. We carried out focal grooming observations in one bonobo and two chimpanzee communities in the wild. As predicted, chimpanzees engaged in more PG than bonobos. Surprisingly, males engaged in PG more than females in both species. While chimpanzees accessed more partners per minute of grooming than bonobos via dyadic grooming, PG increased the number of partners accessed per minute only in bonobos. Finally, chimpanzees primarily used PG with individuals who were close in rank and frequent grooming partners, whereas bonobos used PG with individuals who were distant in rank, close party associates and frequent grooming partners. We suggest that bonobo males use PG to enhance conspecific social tolerance and mate choice. The overall higher rate of PG in chimpanzees suggests that between-group competition may promote polyadic affiliation, which possibly reinforces group cohesion and coordination. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.