Intrageneric variation in antipredator responses of coral reef fishes affected by ocean acidification: implications for climate change projections on marine communities
Intrageneric variation in antipredator responses of coral reef fishes affected by ocean acidification: implications for climate change projections on marine communities
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02439.x
复制
发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Chivers, Douglas P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferrari, Maud C. O.;Dixson, Danielle L.;Chivers, Douglas P.
我们的星球正在经历过去80万年来前所未有的大气二氧化碳（CO2）浓度增加。大气中大约30%的过量二氧化碳被海洋吸收，从而增加了碳酸的浓度，降低了海洋的pH值。比较不同物种对溶解二氧化碳的耐受性是预测二氧化碳水平上升对海洋群落的生态影响的必要的第一步。虽然直觉上并不是所有的水生物种都会受到CO2的影响，但可以预测，具有相似生活史和生态的密切相关的物种可能对CO2表现出相似的耐受水平。我们根据物种的CO2耐受性创建功能组的能力可能对我们预测未来群落变化的能力至关重要。在这里，我们测试了CO2暴露对四种雀鲷（Pomacentrus chrysurus，Pomacentrus moluccensis，Pomacentrus amboinensis和Pomacentrus nagasakiensis）的反捕食反应的影响。虽然同域分布，共享相同的生态和生活史，四个同源物种表现出惊人的和意想不到的变化，在CO2的耐受性，与CO2引起的损失反应捕食风险从30%到95%不等。使用P. chrysurus作为模式物种，我们进一步测试了这些行为差异是否转化为在自然条件下生存捕食者的能力差异。我们的研究结果表明，在2070年和2100年预测的CO2水平下饲养的P.chrysurus幼虫对风险的反捕食反应降低，导致在定居的最初几个小时内与捕食相关的死亡率增加了五到七倍。研究海洋酸化沿着其他环境变量，将是进一步评估对预测气候变化的生态反应的关键步骤。
Our planet is experiencing an increase in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) unprecedented in the past 800 000 years. About 30% of excess atmospheric CO2 is absorbed by the oceans, thus increasing the concentration of carbonic acid and reducing the ocean's pH. Species able to survive the physiological stress imposed by ocean acidification may still suffer strong indirect negative consequences. Comparing the tolerance of different species to dissolved CO2 is a necessary first step towards predicting the ecological impacts of rising CO2 levels on marine communities. While it is intuitive that not all aquatic species will be affected the same way by CO2, one could predict that closely related species, sharing similar life histories and ecology, may show similar tolerance levels to CO2. Our ability to create functional groups of species according to their CO2 tolerance may be crucial in our ability to predict community change in the future. Here, we tested the effects of CO2 exposure on the antipredator responses of four damselfish species (Pomacentrus chrysurus, Pomacentrus moluccensis, Pomacentrus amboinensis and Pomacentrus nagasakiensis). Although being sympatric and sharing the same ecology and life history, the four congeneric species showed striking and unexpected variation in CO2 tolerance, with CO2-induced loss of response to predation risk ranging from 30% to 95%. Using P. chrysurus as a model species, we further tested if these behavioural differences translated into differential ability to survive predators under natural conditions. Our results indicate that P. chrysurus larvae raised under CO2 levels predicted by 2070 and 2100 showed decreased antipredator responses to risk, leading to a five-to sevenfold increase in predation-related mortality in the first few hours of settlement. Examining ocean acidification, along with other environmental variables, will be a critical step in further evaluating ecological responses to predicted climatic change.