Hidden diversity in the oomycete genus Olpidiopsis is a potential hazard to red algal cultivation and conservation worldwide
Hidden diversity in the oomycete genus Olpidiopsis is a potential hazard to red algal cultivation and conservation worldwide
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DOI：
10.1080/09670262.2019.1664769
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发表时间：
2020-04
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Yacine Badis;T. Klochkova;J. Brakel;Paola Arce;M. Ostrowski;S. Tringe;G. Kim;C. Gachon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yacine Badis;T. Klochkova;J. Brakel;Paola Arce;M. Ostrowski;S. Tringe;G. Kim;C. Gachon
摘要卵菌属海洋种侵染人工养殖的大型红藻，尤其是金针藻，是造成亚洲海藻产业经济损失的主要原因之一。我们最近描述了在苏格兰感染红藻的新的Olpidiopsis物种，因此假设该属比以前认识的更丰富和广泛。在这里，我们发现宏观健康的脐带紫菜菌体的真核微生物组中经常包含与长突紫菜密切相关的标记基因。多亏了一条定制的管道，允许从头开始OTU和生物地理发现，以及从大规模的后生编码活动中恢复预先计算的OTU，我们揭示了20多个全球分布的未知Olpidiopsis分类群。此外，实验室控制的交叉感染实验表明，一种苏格兰的赤霉菌对韩国最常见的栽培品种玉米象是致病的，相反，一种韩国的赤霉菌株成功地侵染了野生的班加拉。从苏格兰分离的菌株。这些结果提供了概念的证据，即本地的Olpidiopsis病原体可能威胁到引进的作物，或者可能与非本地作物一起引入的Olpidiopsis病原体可能交叉感染本地的欧洲藻类。因此，我们将其与目前的几次生物安全危机相提并论，在这些危机中，本土动植物以及农作物面临的主要风险是通过农业和园艺贸易不经意地引入了鲜为人知的病原体。因此，我们表示关切的是，由于海藻种子的国际流动以及缺乏与这一贸易有关的生物安全监测或管制，全球藻类种植的快速增长可能为海洋环境中的严重生态和经济危机奠定基础。
ABSTRACT Marine species of the oomycete genus Olpidiopsis that infect cultivated red macroalgae, most notably Pyropia spp., are one of the main causes of economic loss in the Asian seaweed industry. We recently described novel Olpidiopsis species infecting red algae in Scotland, and thus hypothesized that this genus is more abundant and widespread than previously recognized. Here, we show that the eukaryotic microbiome of macroscopically healthy Porphyra umbilicalis thalli frequently contains marker genes closely related to Olpidiopsis. Thanks to a custom pipeline that allows for de novo OTU and biogeography discovery, and the recovery of precomputed OTUs from large-scale metabarcoding campaigns, we unveil more than 20 unknown Olpidiopsis taxa with a worldwide distribution. Additionally, laboratory-controlled cross-infection experiments show that a Scottish variety of O. porphyrae is virulent on the most commonly cultivated Pyropia yezoensis cultivar in Korea and that conversely, a Korean strain of O. porphyrae successfully infects wild Bangia sp. strains isolated from Scotland. These results provide proof-of-concept that a native Olpidiopsis pathogen may threaten an introduced crop or that an Olpidiopsis pathogen potentially introduced alongside a non-native crop might cross-infect a native European alga. Thus, we draw parallels with several current biosecurity crises, where major risks to native floras and faunas, as well as crops, are caused by the inadvertent introduction of poorly known pathogens through the agricultural and horticultural trades. Therefore, we express concern that the rapid growth of algal cultivation worldwide, linked to international movement of seaweed seed and the absence of biosecurity monitoring or reulation pertaining to this trade, potentially lays the ground for grave ecological and economic crises in the marine environment.