Development of orthogonal task designs in fMRI studies of higher cognition: the NIMH experience.
Development of orthogonal task designs in fMRI studies of higher cognition: the NIMH experience.
复制标题
高级认知功能磁共振研究中正交任务设计的发展：NIMH 经验。
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.007
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Courtney,SusanM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Courtney,SusanM
本文记录了美国国家心理健康研究所的一位研究人员的旅程，探索了理解负责工作记忆任务认知子过程的神经系统的方法。将认知减法的概念应用于神经成像数据的机会和陷阱都是通过使用正电子发射断层扫描的研究而众所周知的。我们利用改进的时间分辨率的功能磁共振成像与延迟识别任务，并确定了时间进程的不同阶段的任务（编码，记忆延迟，识别测试）作为预测变量的多元回归分析。因为这些信号是时间独立的，任务的各个组成部分可以相互对比，而不是整个任务，减少了认知减法中违反纯插入的问题。这种方法使我们能够对高级认知的神经系统和前额叶皮层的组织得出比功能性磁共振成像之前更详细的结论。在过去的20年里，该领域的许多研究人员进一步改进和创新，极大地扩展了这一知识，但这种称为“正交任务设计”的方法仍然是许多现代研究的基本组成部分。
This paper chronicles one researcher's journey at the National Institute of Mental Health, exploring ways to understand the neural systems responsible for the cognitive sub-processes of working memory tasks. Both the opportunities and the pitfalls with applying the idea of cognitive subtraction to neuroimaging data were well-known from studies using positron emission tomography. We took advantage of the improved temporal resolution of fMRI with a delayed-recognition task and identified the time-courses of the different stages of the task (encoding, memory delay, and recognition test) as predictor variables in a multiple regression analysis. Because these signals were temporally independent, individual components of tasks could be contrasted with one another, rather than entire tasks, reducing the problem of violations of pure insertion in cognitive subtraction. This approach enabled us to draw more detailed conclusions about the neural systems of higher cognition and the organization of prefrontal cortex than had been possible before fMRI. Further enhancements and innovations over the last 20years by a multitude of researchers across the field have greatly expanded this knowledge, but this approach called “orthogonal task design” has remained a fundamental component of many of these modern studies.