Can Non-Copyrightable Works Be Protected Under Unfair Competition Law ? The “North Korea” Case
Can Non-Copyrightable Works Be Protected Under Unfair Competition Law ? The “North Korea” Case
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“朝鲜”案能否保护非版权作品？
DOI：
10.1007/s40319-014-0241-8
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hisao Shiomi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Morimoto;Izumi ( Tourism;consumption and the transformation of Thamel;Kathmandu);木佐茂男;Hisao Shiomi
在非版权作品和其他类型的非知识产权保护中，不正当竞争法的保护应受到限制，因为版权保护的限制界定了信息或模仿自由的界限。知识产权高等法院在2005年《读卖在线》中关于利益平衡的裁决中特别强调了这一论点，该裁决涉及一项类似于互联网上的谷歌新闻链接的服务。然而，这一原则并不总是适用于所有情况。不正当竞争法应适用于拒绝版权保护的情况，例如涉及保护未被承认国家的外国国民的情况。日本最高法院在2011年的“朝鲜”判决中一般拒绝根据不正当竞争法(侵权法)保护作品不被使用，因为日本没有义务根据《伯尔尼公约》向未被承认的国家提供保护，因为该影片不符合版权保护的要求。最高法院的理由是，非版权作品的独家使用权不受侵权法的法律保护。本文将从德国和日本的比较法、国际法以及Google Newstype案例的角度对最高法院的这一判决的范围进行审查和澄清。
Protection under unfair competition law should be restricted in the case of non-copyrightable works as well as other types of non-IP protection, because the limits of copyright protection, for example, define the boundaries of freedom of information or imitation. This argument was especially emphasized in the Intellectual Property High Court’s decision in “Yomiuri Online” in 2005 on the balance of interests, which concerned a service similar to Google News linking on the Internet. However, this principle does not always apply to all cases. Unfair competition law should be applied in cases where copyright protection is denied, such as those involving the protection of foreign nationals of non-recognised States. The Japanese Supreme Court in its “North Korea” decision in 2011 in general refused protection under unfair competition law (tort law) against the use of a work as the film failed to qualify as a copyrightable work because Japan had no obligation to grant protection to a non-recognized State under the Berne Convention. The Supreme Court reasoned that the right to exclusive use of non-copyrightable works was not legally protectable under tort law. This article will review and clarify the scope of this Supreme Court judgement from the perspectives of comparative law in Germany and Japan, international law as well asGoogle Newstype cases.